tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79039377633507883082024-03-13T07:36:40.044-07:00Reason & RailPaul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.comBlogger237125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-50478068818695993432016-08-14T09:44:00.002-07:002016-08-14T09:44:38.120-07:00The Pacific Surfliner continues to impress<a href="https://lossan.octa.net/AgendaPDF/4441.pdf" target="_blank">LOSSAN's marketing folks are tooting their horn, and quite deservedly so.</a> While they've managed a quite nice 3.2% year over year increase in ridership for the first half of 2016, in an overall relatively gloomy period for Amtrak, where they really stand out is is the double digit increase in ridership for special events. The Del Mar races posted a 12.3% increase over last year with 33,674 passengers in the opening weekend; Comic-Con had a 15.7% increase to 47,319 total passengers over its four days of operation.<br />
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While those numbers are for all trains and passengers, not merely those going to the Del Mar races and Comic-Con, they also show the major impact on the service that those events have. <a href="http://reasonrail.blogspot.com/2015/07/pacific-surfliner-ridership-update.html" target="_blank">From the daily average of 7,983 riders,</a> Del Mar's opening weekend boosted that to 11,225 and Comic-Con 11,830. It's no wonder that the Surfliners, despite their large individual capacity (specially increased as well for these events), have crowding problems during these events when overall ridership is 50% higher! Thanks to the delays with Nippon-Sharyo's new bilevel cars, the Surfliner stands a strong chance of being hit with the same curse as the recent Expo Line extension: <a href="http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-metro-rail-cars-20160807-snap-story.html" target="_blank">Too many riders and not enough cars for them.</a><br />
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Of course, there's also the cynical view: The Surfliner is only getting 8,000 riders a day along a 351 mile corridor with substantial sections of automobile traffic seeing 300,000 AADT and only 16,000 riders out of a 130,000 attendee event. Granted, many of those trips aren't really replaceable by intercity rail and many of the attendees are either too local or out of state for Amtrak to be useful, but as the double-digit growth shows, there is still room to snag more of them. For that, increased frequencies and speed are necessary: Traffic is bad, but the Surfliner is usually worse, especially with consideration of time delay from when the train leaves to when you'd prefer to leave, and increased speed also broadens the market itself by enlarging the catchment area and enticing riders who would not have made the trip, even by car, but would take a train that is car-competitive or faster.<br />
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Luckily, it looks like we will have an additional Surfliner frequency later this year thanks to more efficient use of existing equipment. Given the cost reductions already evident against what was budgeted for this year, this run will be cost neutral even if it didn't pick up a single passenger. Obviously we wouldn't run such a train and based both on LOSSAN's estimates and my own, it should be marginally profitable and help contribute to reducing the need for state subsidy. As the Fullerton triple track project, new equipment, and other capacity increasing projects come online, the potential of the Surfliner posting a net profit for the state of California, which may then be invested back into the local infrastructure for a virtuous cycle, grows ever closer.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14967396024814836485noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-88153117359248106112016-04-23T16:10:00.000-07:002016-04-23T16:10:02.981-07:00Pacific Surfliner budget breakdown<a href="https://lossan.octa.net/AgendaPDF/1182.pdf" target="_blank">LOSSAN has released a budget presentation from Amtrak</a> which, for the first time that I’m aware of, publicly shows a breakdown of the Surfliner’s budgeted revenues and expenses. For us transit geeks, this is a welcome insight into the busiest corridor service outside of the NEC.<br />
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Using the provided Train Fuel and Power figures for the previous fiscal year (FY15) and the approximate number of train miles ran by the Surfliner (1.56 million), we have a fuel expense of $7.55 per train mile, which divides by Amtrak’s budgeted $3.23/gallon (<a href="https://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/322/821/Amtrak-Monthly-Performance-Report-September-2015-Preliminary-Unaudited.pdf" target="_blank">September 2015 Monthly Performance Report</a>) to give us an average fuel consumption of 2.34 gallons per train mile. That’s right where we’d expect it to be based on Metrolink/Coaster performance (which is a bit higher consumption level) and Amtrak’s own reported fleet average fuel consumption of 2.3 gallons per train mile. This does, of course, assume that Amtrak’s average fuel price is what the Surfliner’s fuel is bought at.<br />
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While there’s nothing too major about a confirmation of average figures, it’s nice to have because it validates all calculations and critiques based upon those figures. There's always the worry in the back of one’s mind that things are actually quite off from the average figures and that the Surfliner actually has a significantly higher fuel consumption (if single level sets dropped the average down) or significantly lower (if long distance trains brought it up). As it is, we can say with confidence that the Surfliner would, for example, trim a significant amount of time from the schedule while also burning nearly half a million gallons less diesel by using modern rolling stock like the Class 222 Meridian (though I believe EMD and Siemens both claim that they will have similar fuel consumption with the F125 and Charger).<br />
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The host railroad fees are a bit interesting. At an average of $6.62 per train mile, I’m wondering who is overcharging Amtrak. The overall system average is somewhere just south of $5 per train mile and <a href="http://www.metrolinktrains.com/pdfs/Facts&Numbers/Financial_Reports/Annual_Budget/SCRRA_FY15-16_Budget_FY16-18_Projected.pdf" target="_blank">Metrolink is receiving $4.33 per train</a> mile. Or rather, they would be if we ignored revenues from the long distance trains, though only the Coast Starlight should contribute much of anything. That means that we’re looking at an average of $8.72 for the remaining miles. My suspicion is that NCTD is responsible for the high charges; per the <a href="http://www.gonctd.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Fiscal-Year-2016-Budget-PDF.pdf" target="_blank">NCTD budget</a> they receive approximately $9.5 million a year in revenue on the Coastal Rail right of way while expending $4.3 million to maintain it. Some of this money comes from Metrolink, some from BNSF, and a probably minuscule amount from Waco’s Pacific Sun Railway, but a decent chunk will be coming from Amtrak.<br />
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Based on the motor coach figures presented in this budget, and comparing with the connecting bus schedules in the Pacific Surfliner timetable, we get an average cost of $3.19 per scheduled bus mile. Since that seemed a bit low at first, and I thought possibly due to some cost-sharing between the Capitol Corridor and Surfliner that I was unaware of for the Santa Barbara to Oakland buses, I also looked at the <a href="http://www.capitolcorridor.org/included/docs/business_plans/FY-2015-16-FY-2016-17.pdf" target="_blank">Capitol Corridor’s budget</a> and scheduled bus connections: $3.23 per mile and a combined average expense of $3.21 per scheduled bus mile. Some additional research shows that I needn’t have fretted: It’s quite comparable to the figures reported by <a href="https://www.mdt.mt.gov/publications/docs/brochures/limited-feasibility-study-bus-service.pdf" target="_blank">Rimrock</a>, <a href="http://www.dot.state.al.us/moweb/doc/IntercityBusServiceStudy.pdf" target="_blank">Capital Trailways, and Greyhound</a>.<br />
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As I have said repeatedly, bus connections are the best and most cost-effective ways of feeding additional riders into the system and demonstrating support for expansion. After all, how much more cost-effective can you get than completely profitable? Yet there is a dearth of bus routes outside of California and it is rare to see a route study which includes any bus connection, much less a wealth of them such as California has. That being said, while I doubt anyone at Amtrak is reading my blog or twitter feed, there have been a number of new bus routes added over the past year, including one announced the other week <a href="http://www.twincities.com/2016/04/12/amtrak-van-service-st-paul-mayo-clinic-rochester/" target="_blank">connecting the Empire Builder to Rochester, MN</a>, which may indicate that they’re beginning to understand just how useful, and profitable, bus connections are.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14967396024814836485noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-42622570076829130172015-12-05T10:13:00.001-08:002015-12-05T10:13:12.074-08:00The Coachella Valley draft Alternatives Analysis doesn't bode wellRegular intercity passenger rail from Los Angeles to the Coachella Valley has been a long studied affair, quite possibly the longest studied passenger rail service in the State. While the oft-delayed Coast Daylight has been studied since the beginning of the 1990s, studies for passenger rail service to the Coachella Valley has been studied since at least 1982 [Rail Passenger Development Plan 1984 Through 1989 Fiscal Years]. With a substantial number of studies previously conducted, <a href="http://rctcftp.org/files/PwgrG-MbbQM=/2.A1.RY.Draft%20Alternatives%20Analysis.pdf" target="_blank">Riverside County's latest one</a> has arisen only to dash the hopes of those who might have wished for a better rail service to the Coachella Valley than the infrequent middle of the night <i>Sunset Limited</i>.<br />
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One would think that this rail service would be an obviously strong proposal. Such a line would connect Los Angeles not only with a large number of regular commuters, but also with an important tourism location and a developing urban region in its own right. Traffic is also regularly terrible and, as I begin to write this around 3pm on a Friday afternoon, Google Maps is projecting more than three hours from Los Angeles to Indio. Indeed, among all of Metrolink's lines, the Riverside line has the highest occupancy rate, with an average of 264 passenger miles per train mile. But with all of these advantages going for it, the Alternatives Analysis paints a grim picture of the line's potential ridership and revenue, one so grim that it is highly unlikely to ever receive funding.<br />
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The preferred alternative identified in the analysis, Alternative 1, runs along Union Pacific's Yuma Subdivision for 72 miles before crossing onto BNSF's San Bernardino Subdivision by which it makes its way to Los Angeles by way of Fullerton. By running through Fullerton, it picks up quite a bit of additional traffic without an actual slow down compared to the other alternatives though the question is whether it's actually traffic that the Coachella Valley line is intended to address or whether it is Orange County-Los Angeles traffic that would be better taken care of by more Surfliners and Metrolink trains. I expect it's rather more of the latter.<br />
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Even though it picks up a substantial amount of additional traffic by essentially poaching from the Surfliner, the forecasted ridership is extremely low with only 189,100 forecasted for 2022. The trains themselves will be quite empty, averaging only 79 passenger miles per train mile. Only Amtrak's <i>Piedmonts</i> and <i>Hoosier State</i> average less than that (<a href="https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L17088" target="_blank">page 9</a>) and of all the <a href="http://reasonrail.blogspot.com/2015/07/pacific-surfliner-ridership-update.html" target="_blank">Surfliners</a>, only 761/1761, which is the sole Los Angeles to San Luis Obispo train, has worse occupancy and the Surfliner as a whole averages nearly double this proposed train with an average of 150 passenger miles per train mile.<br />
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This low ridership is accompanied by low revenue, with only $3,245,000 projected for the line, which amounts to a farebox recovery of just 21.5% based on the Pacific Surfliner's O&M costs per train mile. <a href="http://reasonrail.blogspot.com/2013/03/how-much-does-it-cost-to-run-train.html" target="_blank">Even if we were to calculate based on avoidable costs</a>, that's less than a 50% cost recovery. There is no earthly way that this line will ever be funded based on such pitiful ridership and revenue levels. There simply isn't enough of a public benefit to justify that level of spending.<br />
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So what could be done to make it more reasonable and likely to be funded and to be more useful in general? The simplest answer is to run more trains. As the FRA noted back in 1978:<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
A rail passenger corridor must have certain minimum definable characteristics if it is to be seriously considered as an alternative to expanding highway and air capacity. The following characteristics are suggested:<br /><b>Frequency: Minimum of 10 trains daily in each direction</b>Rationale: Most city-pairs subject to becoming corridors are receiving some level of service by long and/or short-haul trains. Such service is too often typified by infrequent and inconvenient departure times which are not amenable to the need of either the time or fare sensitive traveler. In general, frequency and scheduling should be structured to meet the demand of the traveler desiring to make a one-day round-trip with sufficient time at the point of destination. To provide an alternative to automobile transportation, and limited diversion from air travel, a minimum of five (5) a.m. and five (5) p.m. daylight departures should be scheduled. A variable in the p.m. departure schedule would be an evening train where demand demonstrates such a need. The recommended frequency considers the relative high frequency and volume of other modes of public transportation in suggested corridors. It also assumes that the fare sensitive/nonbusiness automobile traveler is secondary in importance to the higher income business trip traveler. This assumption, nevertheless should not detract from the benefits received by the fare-sensitive passenger and other rider. <b>The suggested frequency represents a minimum level of service for an emerging corridor and is keyed to the frequency level in the Northeast Corridor at which significant diversion began to occur</b>.</blockquote>
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[<a href="https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/details/L16827" target="_blank">A Reexamination of the Amtrak Route Structure</a>, page 7-26, emphasis added]<br />
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This would require, of course, that the study abandon what appears to be a frequency level based on a preordained conclusion to use the San Bernardino Subdivision. It's quite interesting how four trains per day just happens to line up quite nicely with Riverside County's four revenue slots between the Colton crossing and Riverside. Make no mistake, this would result in a significant capital expense. Union Pacific may very well want an additional track along the entire Yuma Subdivision to Indio (~$720 million) and another track may very well be needed between Colton and Fullerton (~$420 million). This would also consume almost all of the slots created by the Los Angeles-Fullerton triple tracking project, though the shared use passenger corridor currently projected by the California High Speed Rail Authority should create sufficient additional capacity for Surfliner and Metrolink expansions.<br />
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Given the low ridership per train currently projected, using a consist like the Surfliner is overkill: The current projections wouldn't even fill up a single coach car! With appropriate waivers, a DMU such as NCTD's Sprinters, but with an interior designed for intercity travel, would be much more appropriate and offer a lower cost travel method. SPRINTER's operating cost comes out to about $25 per married pair train mile (<a href="http://www.gonctd.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Board-Agenda-Packet-2015-11-19.pdf" target="_blank">Quarterly Ridership and Financial Performance Update</a>, page 10), about one-third that of a Surfliner's fully allocated cost. Assuming that these figures are reasonably apples to apples comparisons, this would either lower operating costs to a reasonably supportable level or allow for a substantially more frequent and useful service without breaking the bank in the process.<br />
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As it stands, this alternatives analysis is just one more in a decades long legacy of studies which never go anywhere. Coachella Valley rail service will remain just a regional aspiration until and unless planners take it seriously and put forward plans for a genuinely useful rail line. Of course, at that point, one might as well simply wait for, or pay for the acceleration of, California's Phase II high speed rail, which will include a stop in the Riverside area. This would serve the Riverside and San Bernardino region much better than the Coachella Valley rail line would while frequent bus or rail shuttle service would still provide a useful two seat ride to the Coachella Valley.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14967396024814836485noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-21341482242854322702015-09-05T15:06:00.001-07:002015-09-05T15:09:58.104-07:00A cost to benefit analysis of railroad electrificationThe FRA recently released a technical report entitled <a href="https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/details/L16983#p1_z5_gD" target="_blank">Cost Benefit Analysis of Rail Electrification for Next Generation Freight and Passenger Rail Transportation</a>, created as part of the recent, and terrible, Keystone West corridor study. Aside from generally being a whitewash of a preordained outcome, it contains an error so blatantly egregious that I have to question how it ever made it past any form of peer review.<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
4.2.2 Energy Costs<br />
In order to determine the energy cost differences, the team estimated fuel costs per mile for both the build and no-build options. In the build option, trains would consume electricity; in the no- build option, trains would continue to consume diesel fuel. For both options, the team estimated the costs of 10 trains traveling a 75-mile round trip every day. For diesel-powered locomotives, it was assumed that the rate of consumption was 1 gallon of diesel per 3 miles traveled. For electricity-powered trains, the assumed rate of electricity consumption was 0.03 miles per kWh.</blockquote>
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Three miles per gallon is an inversion of reality and likely stems from confusion of switching units back and forth given that they give an electrical consumption in odd form of miles per kWh. In reality, <a href="http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/243/158/Monthly%20Performance%20Report%20-%20September%202014%20(Preliminary%20and%20Unaudited).pdf" target="_blank">Amtrak quotes 2.3 gallons per train-mile</a>, <a href="http://www.metrolinktrains.com/pdfs/Facts&Numbers/Financial_Reports/Annual_Budget/SCRRA_FY15-16_Budget_FY16-18_Projected.pdf" target="_blank">Metrolink gets 2.6 gallons per mile</a>, and the <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/tq0h89j1qgsxxj9/Traction%20Energy%20Metrics.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Class 222 Meridian gets about 2 gallons per mile</a>. So rather than $1.27 per train-mile, at their assumed cost of $3.80 per gallon, it would be a cost of $7.60-9.88 per mile, far above the cost of electric propulsion.<br />
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For that matter, the electricity consumption figures are on the higher end. The British Class 390 Pendolino and IC225 consume about 22 kWh per mile, though it must be admitted that the double length Class 373 consumes 66 kWh per mile and that 31-33 kWh is a good approximation for a 200m high speed train. This analysis was for a high speed alignment, which would make the high speed train's figures appropriate, but I'm not overly fond of apples to oranges comparisons.<br />
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An interesting peculiarity of this paper is that at least two of its citations, footnotes <a href="http://www.epa.gov/climate/climatechange/EPAactivities/economics/scc.html" target="_blank">18</a> and <a href="http://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statist%20ics/html/table_04_18.html" target="_blank">19</a> from page 20 where this section is found, do not at all state what this report claims to use them for. Indeed, it's actually impossible to derive the energy consumption figures that they claim to as Amtrak's reported figures are total train-miles, total diesel consumption, and total electricity consumption: There is no distinction of diesel train-miles from electric train-miles.<br />
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So let's try our hand at creating a cost to benefit analysis of railroad electrification, specifically of existing corridors without any new high speed alignments. The costs, as provided by this analysis, are fairly reasonable and I don't have any quibble with them. These amount to $12,100 per route-mile in annual maintenance costs and $4.3 million in construction costs per route-mile or $176,515 annually over 30 years <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/circulars_a094/a94_appx-c" target="_blank">with a 1.4% discount rate</a> for a total annual cost of $188,615.<br />
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Per the EPA, Tier IV locomotives have the following emission factors in terms of grams per brake horsepower per hour:<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>PM10</b></span></td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0.015</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>HC</b></span></td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0.04</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>NOx</b></span></td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1.00</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>CO</b></span></td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1.28</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div>
With a conversion factor of 20.8 to grams per gallon for large line-haul and passenger trains we have the following emissions per gallon:</div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>PM10</b></span></td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0.312</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>HC</b></span></td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0.832</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>NOx</b></span></td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">20.80</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>CO</b></span></td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">26.624</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
Per route-mile, each bidirectional frequency (one train in each direction) has this consumption:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Class 222</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,460</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Amtrak</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,679</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Metrolink</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,898</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
Using the <a href="http://www.arb.ca.gov/nsr/erco/erc14.pdf" target="_blank">median 2014 South Coast Emission Reduction Offset transaction costs</a> as a proxy for the social costs of diesel emissions, and therefore the social benefit of eliminating them with electrification (assuming 100% clean energy), gives us this:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 36.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 36.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Class 222</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 36.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Amtrak</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 36.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Metrolink</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 36.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 93.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Value per ton (Median 2014 South Coast)</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 36.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Value per gram</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>PM10</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">455.520</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">523.848</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">592.176</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 93.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$520,548</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$0.574</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>HC</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,214.720</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,396.928</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,579.136</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 93.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$24,658</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$0.027</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>NOx</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">30,368</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">34,923.2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">39,478.4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 93.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$63,014</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$0.069</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>CO</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">38,871.040</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">44,701.696</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">50,532.352</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 93.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$5,479</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$0.006</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 93.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Cost per frequency</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$2,638.51</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$3,034.29</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$3,430.06</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 93.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
Considering just the social benefits, maintenance is paid for with 3.5-4.5 daily frequencies. This alone does not justify electrification in most corridors, however, as it would require 55 frequencies, five times the current level of the Pacific Surfliner, to justify solely on environmental grounds. As we established earlier, however, electric propulsion is quite a bit cheaper than diesel propulsion; for a corridor intercity or commuter train with consumption of 22 kWh per train-mile, we can expect a cost of $2.42 per train-mile, $5.18-7.46 cheaper than diesel.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Again, maintenance is very quickly paid for: 2-3 frequencies will pay for the maintenance, but construction costs require rather more: 32-47 frequencies. Combined, we see that it takes 21-29 bidirectional frequencies for benefits to match the costs of railroad electrification.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">Frequencies to break even</span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">Social benefit per frequency</span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 23.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">Cost savings per frequency</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Class 222</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">29</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$2,638.51</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$3,781.40</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Amtrak</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">25</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$3,034.29</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$4,613.60</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Metrolink</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">21</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$3,430.06</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">$5,445.80</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
In California, this would indicate that it would be justified to electrify Caltrain between San Jose and San Francisco. With increased service, electrification would also be justified on Metrolink's San Bernardino Line as well as LOSSAN between Burbank and Irvine (Metrolink and Pacific Surfliner) and Oceanside and San Diego (Coaster and Pacific Surfliner).</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
For freight trains, the decreased fuel costs play a much larger role, and more importantly, the only one that the board of directors actually care about, resulting in break even at fewer frequencies. <a href="https://www.stb.dot.gov/econdata.nsf/f039526076cc0f8e8525660b006870c9?OpenView" target="_blank">From the 2014 STB R-1 reports</a>, we see that, for the Class I railroads, there is an average consumption of 6.92 gallons per train-mile; a comparable figure for electric traction would be 86.5 kWh per train-mile. Because of the significantly greater fuel consumption, the pay off is much quicker: Only 9 trains per day are needed in each direction with social benefits included or 15.4 when only considering fuel costs.<br />
<br />
Of course, private companies aren't going to be using Federal discount rates and will likely be seeking money on the open market. While this will be more expensive, it won't be enormously so. <a href="http://quicktake.morningstar.com/StockNet/Bondsquote.aspx?cid=0C00000CTP&bid=dd00bda96c238977b702642d058ac96e&bname=Union+Pac+3.875%25+%7c+Maturity%3a2055&ticker=UNP&country=USA&clientid=dotcom" target="_blank">Union Pacific recently sold 40 year bonds at 3.875%</a>; if I've done the math correctly, this would come out to $212,374 per mile of track, pushing the break even points to 10 and 17.3 frequencies. In Southern California, this would justify the electrification of the Alameda Corridor, Sunset Corridor, and Southern Transcon (<a href="http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/tech/presentation/rail.pdf" target="_blank">slide 9</a>).</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I've ignored a few costs so far. One is that of locomotive maintenance, which is, unsurprisingly given the rather shoddy nature of the study, completely unmentioned in the original study. <a href="http://www.qca.org.au/getattachment/a466c41b-63a5-478b-ab96-5e9c936dc9a5/Downer-Rail-and-Electro-Motive-Diesel-(joint-submi.aspx" target="_blank">According to EMD</a>, maintenance costs for electric locomotives are 30% cheaper than those for diesel-electric locomotives.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FMwYHtEMIIA/VeNxfqPYw0I/AAAAAAAAAAM/kjeWEAv2EDA/s1600/EMDmaint.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="169" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FMwYHtEMIIA/VeNxfqPYw0I/AAAAAAAAAAM/kjeWEAv2EDA/s320/EMDmaint.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://www.qca.org.au/getattachment/49e0a789-ecd9-440a-9d1b-99ec7d347e32/Siemens.aspx" target="_blank">Siemens</a>, meanwhile, quotes a range of 30-70% less maintenance cost for electrics compared to diesels.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fgiZtiKbe4o/VeNy3oaEN4I/AAAAAAAAAAY/xeJCC8GD6vc/s1600/Siemensmaint.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fgiZtiKbe4o/VeNy3oaEN4I/AAAAAAAAAAY/xeJCC8GD6vc/s320/Siemensmaint.png" width="320" /></a></div>
Referring once again to the R-1 reports, we see that there are 2.63 locomotive unit miles for every train-mile, or to put it another way, the average train has 2.63 locomotives, and that it costs $1.65 per locomotive unit mile, which comes out to $4.34 per train-mile. At the low end, electrification saves $1.30 per train-mile for every freight train that passes through and that's without any consideration of the potential need for fewer locomotives with electric trains. For commuter and intercity trains, assuming that they have similar maintenance costs to freight trains, the savings would amount to $1-2 per frequency depending on whether they have a single locomotive or are double ended, such as the British IC125 or All Aboard Florida's new trains will be. This reduced maintenance cost doesn't amount to overly much, only $730-1,898 per frequency per year for every electrified mile, but on busy corridors it can quickly add up. Just over six freight trains per day in each direction will offset the maintenance costs of the electrification for instance and sixteen would account for the maintenance costs on commuter and intercity lines.<br />
<br />
But what of the price of the locomotives? The original study quotes a price of $7 million for Amtrak's new ACS-64, a price of $2.6 million for diesel locomotives and proclaims itself happy: The comedy of errors continues. In reality, <a href="https://www.amtrakoig.gov/sites/default/files/reports/oig-e-2013-021.pdf" target="_blank">Amtrak is paying $6.66 million per locomotive</a> and $2.6 million for a diesel passenger locomotive is simply laughable. Amtrak may have paid <a href="http://history.amtrak.com/blogs/blog/unveiling-locomotives" target="_blank">$2.4 million for the P-42s</a> back in 1996, but inflation's been a touch more than $200,000 over the last 20 years and <a href="http://metrolink.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=metrolink_3a03b149d424633411da0df0a22d59a7.pdf&view=1" target="_blank">Metrolink is currently purchasing EMD's F125 for $6.84 million each</a>, including 20 bought at an option price of $6.295 million. For intercity trains, Siemen's Charger, purchased by several states and All Aboard Florida, is <a href="http://www.siemens.com/press/en/pressrelease/?press=/en/pressrelease/2014/infrastructure-cities/rail-systems/icrl201403009.htm&content[]=ICRL&content[]=MO" target="_blank">coming in at $7 million each</a>, the same price the analysis was quoting for an electric locomotive. If anything, based on actual prices paid, it would be cheaper to choose electric locomotives. It must be admitted, however, that SEPTA is paying significantly more, <a href="http://www4.septa.org/about/board/pdf/minutes-special-05-2015.pdf" target="_blank">$8.6 million per locomotive</a>, for their ACS-64s. This may be the result of only a single bidder (thanks to Buy American requirements) and purchasing of spare parts that were not purchased by Amtrak as part of their ACS-64 contract.<br />
<br />
For Tier 4 freight locomotives, I have yet to come across anything giving an actual number. <a href="http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/tech/presentation/rail.pdf" target="_blank">California's Air Resource Board estimates $3 million per locomotive</a>, which is a fairly significant increase over the<a href="http://www.railresource.com/content/?p=7144" target="_blank"> $2.3 million per unit that Florida East Coast spent acquiring its ES44C4s</a>. While $3 million per unit is cheaper than <a href="http://www.bombardier.com/en/media-centre/newsList/details.bombardier-transportation20140821bombardierwinscontractfromakiem.bombardiercom.html" target="_blank">$4.3 million for Bombardier TRAXX</a> or <a href="http://www.progressiverailroading.com/supplier_spotlight/news/Rail-supplier-news-from-Bombardier-Siemens-AXION-Alstom-and-BMT-Dec-26--38852" target="_blank">$5.125 million for Siemens Vectron</a>, it must be kept in mind that the electrics also have significantly more power: <a href="http://www.akiem.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/BR186-TRAXX-EN.pdf" target="_blank">7,500 horsepower for the TRAXX</a> and <a href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/vr-orders-siemens-vectron-locomotives.html" target="_blank">8,600 horsepower for the Vectron</a> against the 4,400 horsepower of the ES44C4 or EF44AC (the Tier 4 replacement). Additionally, these are significantly faster locomotives: American diesel-electric locomotives are typically limited to about 75mph while the TRAXX is rated for 87mph and the Vectron, in its standard configuration, is built for 100mph; if the speed is not considered worthwhile, it's likely that they could be built for a lesser price. Be that as it may, it's worth considering that, for horsepower limited trains, a Vectron can replace diesels on a 2:1 basis and a TRAXX can replace them on a 3:2 basis. In such case, the electrics are cheaper to purchase than the corresponding number of Tier 4 diesels, by about $500,000-1,000,000 dollars and will save more than a hundred thousand dollars a year in reduced maintenance costs simply from requiring fewer locomotives, before even consideration of the lowered maintenance costs of the electrics.<br />
<br />
There are three final issues which negatively impact the costs and benefits of electrification. The first is that of clearing sufficient overhead to install railroad electrification: Not every place is the wide open plains and tunnels, overhead passes, or other environmental issues may result in substantially higher costs for particular stretches of track. This must be evaluated, however, on a case by case basis, rather than simply trying to throw in a blank figure for every bit of electrification that may be done.<br />
<br />
Second is the fact that oil prices, and with them the cost of diesel, have plummeted since the original study was created. While I have used the original numbers, and I fully expect the price of oil to return to its highs within a decade, the financial benefit from lowered fuel costs is currently significantly lower than what I've gone through above using the original numbers.<br />
<br />
Lastly, there is the issue of operational flexibility, to which I cannot attach a number. Electric locomotives must stay on electrified track and cannot be detached for duty elsewhere unless, as some versions have, they possess an auxiliary diesel engine, at the cost of reduced range and speed. The increasing use of distributed power by freight trains means that switching between diesel and electric power can be a costly and time consuming affair. Again, this is not something I can quantify financially and would need to be evaluated, by professionals, on a line by line basis.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, this does not also evaluate the increased speed, acceleration, and frequencies which electrification may make possible and which would make train service more attractive than other modes. Frequently these are the overriding benefits which decide the case for commuter and intercity rail electrification but, at the risk of growing repetitious, these would need evaluation on an individual basis.</div>
Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14967396024814836485noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-51352500244368668582015-08-11T17:33:00.004-07:002015-08-11T17:33:57.127-07:00New auto plant in Moreno Valley grows the case for reverse commute and Coachella Valley serviceWith the announcement that Fisker Automotive will be <a href="http://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-hy-fisker-moreno-valley-20150811-story.html" target="_blank">building a factory for a new line of electric vehicles in Moreno Valley</a>, it's time to acknowledge that the Inland Empire is becoming a worthy urban area in its own right rather than merely a suburban home for workers in Los Angeles and Orange Counties.<br />
<br />
This is hardly an unexpected development of course: It's not merely residential land prices that have been rising in the more coastal areas of Southern California, but <a href="http://www.ocregister.com/articles/space-649787-industrial-lease.html" target="_blank">industrial and commercial as well</a>. Meanwhile, commutes on the 91 best described as a hellish abomination, <a href="http://inrix.com/worst-corridors/" target="_blank">dropping to an average speed of 14-22 mph</a>. It's only natural then, that, that companies are increasingly taking advantage of the lower land prices and and lower wages that need to be paid to employees (on account of the lowered housing prices) and <a href="http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-inland-empire-economy-20150319-story.html" target="_blank">turning the Inland Empire into a jobs center.</a><br />
<br />
As the Inland Empire becomes more and more important, it behooves California, Riverside County, and LOSSAN to recognize this with appropriate rail services. Frequencies upon the Riverside and 91 Lines need to be both increased and have reverse commute service added and added urgency should be given to make the Coachella Valley service, which has been languishing in study hell for the past 30 years, an actual reality. This particular plant isn't a justification in and of itself for such service: It's not ideally located for train service, either commuter or intercity, and I don't expect Fisker to become a major player. It is, however, an important symbol of the increasing importance of the Inland Empire which deserves such service.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-50857456482118055192015-07-09T06:15:00.000-07:002015-07-09T06:15:00.032-07:00Pacific Surfliner Ridership UpdateAt the upcoming 7/9/2015 Technical Advisory Committee meeting, LOSSAN is providing an <a href="https://lossan.octa.net/AgendaPDF/7357.pdf" target="_blank">update on the Pacific Surfliner's ridership</a> and for those of us with an interest in some of the nuts and bolts of the data, it's like Christmas in July. Unfortunately it doesn't have all the information one might want; the station-pair information is vague rather than specific as LOSSAN used to receive a decade ago and as the Capitol Corridor is currently releasing, but it does continue great information nonetheless; in particular, the average monthly ridership per train, broken down into coach and business, is quite possibly unprecedented.<br />
<br />
It's a bit unfortunate that the ridership doesn't show the values, but luckily it's possible to extract it. I've also included a daily ridership figure in order to better show off 761/1761 and 790/1790 which are the only two frequencies which receive separate numbers for running on weekdays and weekends. I'm a bit mystified, honestly, by that, since there are other trains which have separate weekend timings, but don't receive a different number for it. For the purpose of this, I've assumed an average month has 30 days, 8 of which are weekends.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Train</b></span></td><td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Total ridership</b></span></td><td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Business class</b></span></td><td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Coach</b></span></td><td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Business %</b></span></td><td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Daily ridership</b></span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>562</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,474</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">433</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,041</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6.7%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">216</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>564</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,491</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">642</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,849</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">11.7%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">183</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>565</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,439</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">749</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,690</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">11.6%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">215</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>566</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,807</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">784</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,023</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">13.5%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">194</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>567</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">7,177</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">749</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,428</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">10.4%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">239</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>572</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,088</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">853</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,235</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14.0%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">203</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>573</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,826</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">783</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,043</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">11.5%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">228</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>579</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,666</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">819</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,847</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14.5%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">189</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>580</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">9,423</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,346</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">8,077</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14.3%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">314</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>582</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">10,268</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,065</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">9,202</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">10.4%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">342</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>583</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,896</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,065</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,831</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">15.4%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">230</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>591</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">8,547</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">995</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">7,552</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">11.6%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">285</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>595</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,718</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">328</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,390</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6.9%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">157</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>761</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">3,383</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">256</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">3,128</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">7.6%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">154</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>763</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14,342</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,908</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">12,434</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">13.3%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">478</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>768</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">12,797</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,768</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">11,029</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">13.8%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">427</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>769</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">12,761</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2,049</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">10,713</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">16.1%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">425</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>774</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14,483</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2,505</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">11,977</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">17.3%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">483</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>777</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">13,218</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2,154</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">11,064</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">16.3%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">441</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>784</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">19,751</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2,189</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">17,562</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">11.1%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">658</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>785</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">16,274</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2,152</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14,121</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">13.2%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">542</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>790</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">9,987</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,276</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">8,711</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">12.8%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">454</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>796</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">8,090</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">714</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">7,376</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">8.8%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">270</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>1761</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,452</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">152</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,300</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">10.5%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">181</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>1790</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,894</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">609</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,285</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">12.4%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">612</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>761/1761</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,835</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">408</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,427</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">8.4%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">161</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>790/1790</b></span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14,880</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 100.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,885</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">12,996</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">12.7%</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">496</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div>
I've also redone the chart to join the weekday and weekend trains, making it quite apparent that the 790/1790 pair performs significantly better than the original chart makes it appear.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-b6OUetc_4MQ/VZ376X0Z5JI/AAAAAAAAAIs/uY4qjOyImC4/s1600/PSLclass.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="231" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-b6OUetc_4MQ/VZ376X0Z5JI/AAAAAAAAAIs/uY4qjOyImC4/s400/PSLclass.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<div>
From the passenger miles per train, we can also determine how far the typical journey is per train and how productive each train is in terms of passenger miles per train mile.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s5P8apSew6Y/VZ4FelFGZMI/AAAAAAAAAJA/up6I5EMJmA8/s1600/PSLpaxmiles.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="185" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s5P8apSew6Y/VZ4FelFGZMI/AAAAAAAAAJA/up6I5EMJmA8/s320/PSLpaxmiles.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tv8J9WBN75E/VZ4HzSwgs4I/AAAAAAAAAJM/2ctv5LUKmNY/s1600/PSLMPMTM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="286" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Tv8J9WBN75E/VZ4HzSwgs4I/AAAAAAAAAJM/2ctv5LUKmNY/s320/PSLMPMTM.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
And, of course, here's the information for that in spreadsheet form:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Train</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Total ridership</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Passenger miles (000s)</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Average trip length</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Passenger miles/train mile</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>562</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,474</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">363.1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">56.1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">95</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>564</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,491</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">386.2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">70.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">101</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>565</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,439</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">461.2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">71.6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">120</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>566</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,807</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">438.1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">75.4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">114</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>567</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">7,177</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">458.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">63.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">119</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>572</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,088</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">472.8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">77.7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">123</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>573</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,826</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">481.4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">70.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">125</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>579</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">5,666</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">424.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">75.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">111</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>580</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">9,423</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">694.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">73.7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">181</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>582</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">10,268</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">657.4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">64.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">171</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>583</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">6,896</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">539.1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">78.2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">140</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>591</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">8,547</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">720.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">84.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">188</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>595</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,718</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">317.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">67.2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">83</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>761</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">3,383</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">293.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">86.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">60</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>763</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14,342</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,176.7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">82.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">163</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>768</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">12,797</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,119.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">87.4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">155</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>769</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">12,761</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,292.1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">101.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">179</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>774</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14,483</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,759.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">121.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">168</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>777</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">13,218</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,574.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">119.1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">150</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>784</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">19,751</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,603.7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">81.2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">222</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>785</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">16,274</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,537.2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">94.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">213</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>790</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">9,987</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,009.1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">101.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">131</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>796</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">8,090</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">665.9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">82.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">92</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>1761</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,452</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">152.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">105.1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">86</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>1790</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,894</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">536.2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">109.6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">192</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>761/1761</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">4,835</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">446</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">92.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">67</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>790/1790</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">14,880</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1,545</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">103.8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">147</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div>
So what are some conclusions we can draw from this?</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
First and foremost, 761 (and the weekend 1761) are absolutely abysmal. This is the current northbound Coast Daylight slot and one hopes that there would be a significant increase in traffic when it is actually extended to San Jose or San Francisco as the Coast Daylight (eventually, one day, quite possibly just a few minutes before the universe dies of heat death). That's not necessarily an unreasonable proposition, 790/1790 is the southbound counterpart and is an above average performer. It's probably a case of leaving Los Angeles too early in the morning without a correspondingly significant destination to arrive at.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Amtrak has been suggesting the past year that the Coast Daylight would be better off running from San Diego to San Jose rather than Los Angeles to San Francisco. At the same time, LOSSAN has been looking at an early morning from San Diego using existing equipment. It seems pretty obvious that 761/1761 should be extended to be an early morning (approximately 5:00 AM) departure from San Diego, picking up commuter traffic and possibly some early morning business and theme park travelers, before continuing on its current low performing route. I honestly don't expect it to pick up too much additional Amtrak traffic, the Surfliner's primary market being leisure travel, though Metrolink monthly pass holders would likely be quite pleased with it, but it's worth the experiment: As it is, with the current Surfliner average yield of 28¢ per passenger-mile, and an estimated $35 per train-mile in marginal operating expenses, 761/1761 currently covers about half of its running costs, possibly less as it is significantly below the average for business class use as well. The first three departures from San Diego are above or close to break even and the first departure, which also heads continues north of Los Angeles, is the best performing of them. If it averages the same as the current 500-series trains (which run only between San Diego and Los Angeles), which is just over break-even under the above assumptions, it would mean an additional 82,900 annual riders and $1.67 million in revenue for the Surfliner.<br />
<br />
There's also good reason to believe that continuing to extend the current 500-series trains north of Los Angeles will result in improved ridership and revenue. These full (or "fuller," depending on how you wish to consider San Luis Obispo as part of the Surfliner) length runs are 29% more productive, in terms of passenger-miles per train-mile, than are the 500-series trains, and have average trip lengths 25% longer, something that shouldn't be too surprising since the corridor is nearly doubled by the extension to Santa Barbara. LOSSAN should continue to improve the locally owned portions of the line north of Los Angeles, terminating at Chatsworth with a new layover facility for as many trains as possible if need be, while pushing for improvements by Union Pacific to the Santa Barbara Subdivision.<br />
<br />
Lastly, I have a chart created on a bit of a whimsy that I'm not sure actually shows anything terribly significant except that the first and last trains of a day underperform (which may undercut the rationale for a 5:00 AM San Diego departure) and possibly that people want to take a train around meal times. With Los Angeles as the top station for the Surfliner, and being the origin or destination for 21% of passengers, I looked at the productivity (in terms of passenger-miles per train-mile) for trains according to when the train arrived or departed Los Angeles. It would be better, of course, to have the information as to how many passengers are actually on board a train during any given hour of the day, but I'm not sure even Amtrak has that information, at least not without a rather laborious process of collection.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w6LkDqqWKi4/VZ4dRMQcyFI/AAAAAAAAAJk/KvnxnuVeWeg/s1600/PSLTime.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="94" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-w6LkDqqWKi4/VZ4dRMQcyFI/AAAAAAAAAJk/KvnxnuVeWeg/s320/PSLTime.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-62570074026509645292015-01-30T08:49:00.001-08:002015-01-30T08:49:29.431-08:00Beijing-Shanghai high speed rail line set to make a profit this year<div class="tr_bq">
<a href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2015-01/27/c_133950736.htm" target="_blank">Xinhau</a></div>
<br />
<blockquote>
BEIJING, Jan. 27 (Xinhua) -- The financial situation of the high-speed rail link between Beijing and Shanghai is improving, with profits expected for the first time this year.<br />About 30 billion yuan (5 billion U.S. dollars) of tickets were sold last year, Cai Qinghua, former chairman of the Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway Company Ltd. told Xinhua this week.<br />The company is yet to release official financial results for 2014, but stakeholders in the 1,318 km line look set to rake in some 1.2 billion yuan in profits this year, following continual losses since its opening in June, 2011.<br />"We originally planned to achieve a financial balance in five years and recoup our investment in another 14," said Cai.<br />The financial situation of other major railways in China remains obscure, but it is widely acknowledged that making profits from pure passenger traffic is difficult for high-speed rail operators. The China Rail Corporation (CRC) manages the world's largest high-speed rail network and lost 5.4 billion yuan in the first half of 2014. The company has 3.4 trillion yuan of liabilities.<br />The Beijing-Shanghai profits should ease the predicament of the CRC, which runs the transport business along the route.<br />...<br />Passengers have ultimately been won over by the comfort, convenience and relatively low prices that high-speed trains offer. More than 100 million trips were made on the Beijing-Shanghai line last year, up 27 percent, about an eighth of all bullet train trips in China. Average daily trips on the route rose to some 290,000 last year from 132,000 in 2011.</blockquote>
<br />
A profit of 1.2 billion yuan roughly comes out to $192 million. It's not much of a profit margin, but the line is new and still growing of course. Increasing Chinese prosperity will also end up resulting in truly insane revenues and profits. Right now the average fare paid on this line is $50 or less; this despite having more passengers per day than many Amtrak lines manage in a year. Currently it's actually cheaper than the Acela, with the most expensive business class seats averaging just 34¢ per mile from Beijing to Shanghai while the cheapest low bucket fares on Acela are 39¢ per mile between Washington and Boston. <a href="http://www.travelchinaguide.com/china-trains/high-speed/seats.htm" target="_blank">And, truth be told, I'd rather spring for the Chinese version of business class any day</a>:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
These are the most luxurious and expensive seats set and are available on some, but not all, of the high-speed trains. They are just like first-class on an airplane. There are two business-class carriages at the front and rear or the train behind the operation cab. The carriages are spacious with two meters (6.6 feet) of space between two rows. There are three in a row - two on one side and one on the other side of the aisle.<br />The sofa-like leather seats are comfortable and can turn 360 degrees. They are equipped with complete facilities. A mini LED TV set with many movies is folded in the left arm of each seat, and there is a power outlet under each seat. On the inner side of the right arm, there are buttons to adjust the footrest and the backrest. The backs can fold down flat for sleeping. A tray table is hidden in the arm of each seat. Some trains also offer free snacks, drinks, disposable slippers, back cushions and blankets. </blockquote>
<div>
<br /></div>
Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-41136446788934966972014-12-30T17:30:00.001-08:002014-12-30T19:23:19.074-08:00Improving LOSSAN-South Part 1: Surfliner rolling stockThis is the first of several posts looking at various ways to improve the performance of the Pacific Surfliner, Metrolink, and Coaster services upon the Los Angeles-San Diego-San Luis Obispo rail corridor as well as the cost-effectiveness of such improvements. As I lack an employee timetable for Union Pacific's Santa Barbara subdivision, this is necessarily limited to the San Diego to Los Angeles section rather than extending north to Santa Barbara. Additionally, for the sake of my own sanity in putting this together, it only looks at northbound travel. I do believe that any performance gains are likely to be substantially mirrored, but they will differ somewhat. This particular post will look at replacing the current Pacific Surfliner equipment with a variety of other options.<br />
<br />
A few notes before continuing on:<br />
1) No attempt was made to model the impact of inclines upon train performance.<br />
2) An aggressive stance was taken towards acceleration and braking which may not be the actual practice with Amtrak.<br />
3) The information that I am using to construct the timetable is several years out of date (and a newer Metrolink timetable has replaced it); there are track improvements that are not reflected in it.<br />
4) This is not a professional level simulation (it is, in fact, using spreadsheets to solve it as a set of physics problems) and while I think that the output is generally going to be substantially accurate, it shouldn't be treated anything at all like it's gospel.<br />
5) I've done this with a unidirectional track assumption, which meant going onto a siding with a couple of Coaster stations where the northbound platform is on a siding a bit than the mainline where the Surfliner (normally) doesn't stop, which does slow the train somewhat over a purely optimal run.<br />
<br />
Lastly, I would like to thank the folks at the <a href="http://www.railperf.org.uk/" target="_blank">Railway Performance Society</a>, especially David Stannard and John Heaton, for their assistance with British train performance.<br />
<br />
To begin with, here's a profile of the Surfliner corridor up to Los Angeles. Note that while there is a maximum speed of 90 miles per hour, there are a number of slow downs which severely limit the amount of time spent at that speed and resulting in the current average speed of only 46.5 miles per hour.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uV_sFp-oquM/VJsRs2Yd2XI/AAAAAAAAAHE/ZBIvQzBv5A4/s1600/san_diego_to_los_angeles-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uV_sFp-oquM/VJsRs2Yd2XI/AAAAAAAAAHE/ZBIvQzBv5A4/s1600/san_diego_to_los_angeles-2.png" height="152" width="320" /></a></div>
For reference, the following is a list of stations on the corridor with normal Amtrak stations in <b>bold</b>.<br />
<b>San Diego Santa Fe</b> 0.0 miles<br />
<b>San Diego Old Town</b> 3.3 miles<br />
Sorrento Valley 18.5 miles<br />
<b>Solana Beach</b> 25.7 miles<br />
Encinitas 29.8 miles<br />
Poinsettia 34.2 miles<br />
Carlsbad Village 38.3 miles<br />
<b>Oceanside</b> 41.1 miles<br />
San Clemente Pier 62.7 miles<br />
<b>San Juan Capistrano</b> 70.3 miles<br />
Laguna Niguel 73.8 miles<br />
<b>Irvine</b> 82.5 miles<br />
Tustin 88.0 miles<br />
<b>Santa Ana</b> 92.3 miles<br />
Orange 94.9 miles<br />
<b>Anaheim</b> 96.9 miles<br />
<b>Fullerton</b> 102.2 miles<br />
Buena Park 107.3 miles<br />
Santa Fe Springs 112.6 miles<br />
Commerce 119.1 miles<br />
<b>Los Angeles</b> 128.8 miles<br />
<br />
Now let's look at that with the performance of Amtrak's current equipment overlaid upon it.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fnq3sZ5YVMQ/VJsW_sVbWLI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/AZjIRVk-paY/s1600/legacy_surfliner.png" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fnq3sZ5YVMQ/VJsW_sVbWLI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/AZjIRVk-paY/s1600/legacy_surfliner.png" height="152" width="320" /></a></div>
Acceleration was derived from the <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/2sdgsv7uplxzwr1/DMU_Fairmount.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Fairmount DMU study</a> (with some extrapolation) and the minimum breaking specifications for the Next Generation Bilevels (<a href="http://www.highspeed-rail.org/Documents/PRIIA_Bi-Level_Spec_305-001_Approved_rev%20C.1.pdf" target="_blank">page 37</a>). Both acceleration and braking may be understated, especially as the Fairmount study train set tops out at only 90mph and the Surfliner equipment is rated for 110mph. However, rounding up every arrival to the next minute (which is probably overly conservative), adding two minutes of dwell time at every station (except Old Town), and adding a 7% pad into the Los Angeles arrival time produces a run time of 2:49, comparing well with the actual best scheduled time of 2:45. On the other hand, the model appears to be somewhat faster than the actual trains on during the journey with an accumulation of 1-3 minute errors; compare with the first run of the day for example<br />
<br />
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<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Amtrak 763</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Model Push-Pull</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Difference</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Intermediate Differences</b></span></td>
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<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Diego</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
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<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
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<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Old Town</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 7m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 6m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Solana Beach</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 38m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 35m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 3m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Oceanside</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 57m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 52m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Juan Capistrano</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 29m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 21m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 8m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 3m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Irvine</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 43m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 34m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 9m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Santa Ana</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 54m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 46m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 8m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Anaheim</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 3m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 56m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 7m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Fullerton</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 12m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 7m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Los Angeles</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 45m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 49m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 4m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 11m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
On the other hand, using Amtrak's best run between each city would show the model to be a bit slow, but not overly so except for Fullerton to Los Angeles. I take it to indicate that the model is grossly accurate with probable errors in dwell or padding assumptions.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Best runs</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Model Push-Pull</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Difference</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Intermediate Differences</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Diego</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Old Town</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 6m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 6m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Solana Beach</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 35m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 35m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Oceanside</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 49m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 52m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 3m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 3m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Juan Capistrano</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 19m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 21m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Irvine</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 33m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 34m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">-0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Santa Ana</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 43m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 46m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 3m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Anaheim</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 51m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 56m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Fullerton</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Los Angeles</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 34m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 49m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 15m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 10m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
When it comes to improving the run times, the most straightforward thing for LOSSAN to do would be to do as All Aboard Florida is doing and simply run each train with two locomotives. <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/205490917/HSR-IDOT-Multi-State-Procurement-Protest-Feb-2014-Original" target="_blank">EMD was kind enough to provide acceleration curves in their protest letter</a> and this was used to create the improved push-pull model, retaining the braking from the earlier one. Out of an abundance of caution, I used the curves for two EMD F125s hauling 1,360,000 pounds (eight cars) with 600kW of HEP rather than those that they produced for the competing Siemens Charger. As it is, Metrolink is purchasing F125s for its own use, which will make the use appropriate in the forthcoming commuter edition of this, and there are no plans to deploy Siemens Chargers on the Surfliner (<a href="https://lossan.octa.net/AgendaPDF/May%2019,%202014%20-%20Board%20Agenda.pdf" target="_blank">second to last page</a>). It should be noted that this model unfairly penalizes the proposal somewhat as the current planning is to lengthen the Surfliners to only 7 cars, not 8.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zKFFqs09VlU/VKHmUNgYlOI/AAAAAAAAAHg/tHHAJ80CQJ4/s1600/improved_surfliner.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zKFFqs09VlU/VKHmUNgYlOI/AAAAAAAAAHg/tHHAJ80CQJ4/s1600/improved_surfliner.png" height="152" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
It's immediately obvious that adding another locomotive is superior, but dwell time and padding requirements prevent the improvement from being as great as it visually appears. Still, there's a consistent one minute reduction for nearly all stations, leading to a 13 minute (8%) reduction in total travel time.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Model Push-Pull</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Improved Push-Pull</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Difference</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Intermediate Differences</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Diego</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Old Town</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 6m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Solana Beach</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 35m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 32m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 3m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Oceanside</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 52m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 48m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 4m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Juan Capistrano</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 21m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 16m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Irvine</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 34m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 28m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 6m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Santa Ana</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 46m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 39m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 7m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Anaheim</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 56m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 48m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 8m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Fullerton</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 56m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 9m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Los Angeles</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 49m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 36m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 13m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 4m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
There's two different ways we can go about expensing this option. The first is simply to estimate the expense of purchasing two locomotives for each of the nine Surfliner train sets, an additional two for protection and maintenance reserve, and seven cars to replace the current single level Amfleet/Horizon set. With one cab, one café, and five coaches, the cars would come out to $19.3 million (<a href="https://lossan.octa.net/AgendaPDF/Nov%2017,%202014%20-%20Board%20Agenda.pdf" target="_blank">see Table 9.2 on page 3 of attachment C for prices</a>) while the locomotives, <a href="http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/locomotives/us-states-conclude-locomotive-order.html" target="_blank">at $7 million each</a>, would raise the total price to $159.3 million, approximately $12.2 million per minute saved. However, the Surfliner and Superliner cars currently making up the other 8 consists aren't exactly spring chickens themselves and will be needing replacement in the relatively near future; something that might as well be done while purchasing the new cars to lengthen them. In that case, using the existing cars for maintenance reserves, it would cost $219.7 million (accounting for the new bilevels already on order) to replace and lengthen every train set, for a cost of $16.9 million per minute cut from the schedule.<br />
<br />
Of course, if we're going to replace everything, why not just go whole hog and go with a DMU? Lower weight and distributed traction allows us to have even faster acceleration and we don't waste any space with locomotives. There is the slight downside of passengers reporting increased engine noise and vibration however.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-L1-9sL6z85I/VKH8HN-XCzI/AAAAAAAAAHw/YQzfL-W8BPM/s1600/dmu_surfliner.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-L1-9sL6z85I/VKH8HN-XCzI/AAAAAAAAAHw/YQzfL-W8BPM/s1600/dmu_surfliner.png" height="152" width="320" /></a></div>
<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/36n8s7qdig3eum1/XC%20Class%20221%20speed%20v%20time.png?dl=0" target="_blank">Using the more conservative lower bound level acceleration of the Class 221</a> is still more than enough to rapidly outperform a beefed up push-pull train with an overall 18 minute (11%) reduction in travel time (braking was a constant 2 mphps, the source for which I've lost at some point in the six months between creating the model and writing this up). Given how far off the Los Angeles padding appears to be however, the actual result may be even better in the real world.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Model Push-Pull</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Model DMU</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Difference</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Intermediate Differences</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Diego</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Old Town</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 6m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Solana Beach</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 35m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 32m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 3m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Oceanside</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 52m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 47m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Juan Capistrano</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 21m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 13m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 8m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 3m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Irvine</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 34m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 25m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 9m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Santa Ana</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 46m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 35m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 11m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Anaheim</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 56m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 43m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 13m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Fullerton</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 51m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 14m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Los Angeles</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 49m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 31m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 18m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 4m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<a href="http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/demu-order.html" target="_blank">In 2002, HSBC Rail purchased 127 Class 222 Meridian DEMUs derived from the same family of vehicles for £154 million</a>. At 2002 exchange rates that would be approximately $231.5 million or $303.9 million in 2014 dollars. This would make the price per car $2.4 million (alternately, <a href="http://www.hitachi.eu/about/press/pdfs/20090817_01.pdf" target="_blank">the Class 395 cost $3.3 million per carriage with similar exchange and inflation</a> though this may include some maintenance). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_222#Formation" target="_blank">Per Wikipedia</a>, two conjoined 5-car sets would come closest to matching the current Surfliner capacity and ten such sets (9 for operations and one reserve) would cost $240 million (or $330 million with the alternative calculation). Simply purchasing new locomotives is more cost effective, but it isn't by much as the DMU option ranges $13.3-18.3 million per minute saved.<br />
<br />
What about electrification however? The short and simple answer on electrification is that it won't be terribly cost-effective, compared to the other options. In addition to the cost of rolling stock, catenary would need to be installed over the corridor and several multibillion dollar tunneling projects already roughly scheduled for ordinary capacity increases would get lumped in, both for pragmatism, NIMBY complaints, and environmental reasons. But let's hand wave this for a moment to see what might be; we'll pretend that California has awoken to a thunderous <i>"Fiat electris!"</i> and a bill for the newly installed catenary.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FjDAEdmtfFg/VKNFmLA2Z5I/AAAAAAAAAIA/AtMe6Lqwse0/s1600/pacific_electroliner.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FjDAEdmtfFg/VKNFmLA2Z5I/AAAAAAAAAIA/AtMe6Lqwse0/s1600/pacific_electroliner.png" height="147" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
First, I must admit that I'm not overly thrilled with the modeling of the EMU. Acceleration (<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/3wd8i0w6hlnbgmf/IMB_1105_Witt_Enders_Maglev-HSR%20comparison_2006.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">taken from page 17</a>) doesn't quite match up with other sources and there's just something that feels off about it. Braking was 2.91 mphps in accordance with information from the TGV (<a href="https://www.pbworld.com/pdfs/publications/monographs/frank_banko_monograph.pdf" target="_blank">page 128</a>). For intercity rail, I am assuming that high speed vehicles are used as an extension of the California high speed rail system; if the Surfliner is to have its own separate electric trains then slower but faster accelerating trains would make more sense. As it is, electrification, with no other track improvements, only cuts an additional three minutes from the schedule, though it does now come below two and a half hours.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Model Push-Pull</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Model EMU</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Difference</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Intermediate Differences</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Diego</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 0m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Old Town</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 6m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Solana Beach</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 35m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 30m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 4m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Oceanside</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 52m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 45m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 7m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Juan Capistrano</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 21m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 11m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 10m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 3m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Irvine</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 34m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 23m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 11m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Santa Ana</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 46m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 33m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 13m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Anaheim</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 56m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 41m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 15m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 2m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Fullerton</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 5m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">1h 49m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 16m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 1m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 66.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Los Angeles</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 49m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 78.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">2h 28m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 21m</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">0h 5m</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
Using the High Speed Rail Authority's estimate of $45 million per set and assuming that ten sets would remain necessary, we would have a price of $450 million just for the rolling stock, $21.4 million per minute saved. But at approximately $3.6 million per route-mile for electric traction (<a href="http://www.hsr.ca.gov/docs/brdmeetings/2012/January/brdmtg0112_agenda4_sylmar.pdf" target="_blank">calculated from here</a>), we have an additional $463.7 million to account for ($913.7 million total) raising it to $43.5 million per minute saved. Even worse, an improved push-pull or DMU is able to continue north of Los Angeles to Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo without needing a diesel locomotive to be brought in to tow it and is able to make improvements on that segment as well; an electric train is not able to do so without spending a significant sum electrifying that portion as well.<br />
<br />
In short, reequipping the Pacific Surfliner with a new fleet of diesel multiple unit trainsets provides the greatest reduction in travel time at reasonable cost and may provide the greatest reduction in travel time for the least expense, depending on the actual costs and how existing equipment is accounted for. The next post, hopefully in less than six months, will look at Coaster and Metrolink rolling stock while further posts will deal with track improvements.<br />
<br />
Models may be found <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/sh/0uudy0gyvueb1yg/AABzuVXyvCFHRVl3Awdlj5Spa?dl=0" target="_blank">here</a>. The Numbers files are the originals, Excel versions are provided as well but may have conversion errors. Additionally, I used <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/2epw3qhi1fcnnge/Metrolink%20Timetable%20No%207.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">Metrolink's Timetable No. 7</a> and <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/tlt5aaxm7dva3ar/California%20Division.pdf?dl=0" target="_blank">BNSF's California and Los Angeles Divisions Timetable #3</a>.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-78842820006774543832014-12-25T00:00:00.000-08:002014-12-25T00:00:10.429-08:00Merry Christmas<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ld-mcSV_ios/VJYMEm7Bd8I/AAAAAAAAAG0/qTuMv5F-LkE/s1600/bridget.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="St Bridget and the Vision of the Nativity" border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ld-mcSV_ios/VJYMEm7Bd8I/AAAAAAAAAG0/qTuMv5F-LkE/s1600/bridget.jpg" height="497" title="" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The Twenty-fifth Day of December,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
when ages beyond number had run their course</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
from the creation of the world,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
when God in the beginning created heaven and earth,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
and formed man in his own likeness;</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
when century upon century had passed</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
since the Almighty set his bow in the clouds after the Great Flood,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
as a sign of covenant and peace;</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
in the twenty-first century since Abraham, our father in faith,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
came out of Ur of the Chaldees;</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
in the thirteenth century since the People of Israel were led by Moses</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
in the Exodus from Egypt;</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
around the thousandth year since David was anointed King;</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
in the sixty-fifth week of the prophecy of Daniel;</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
in the one hundred and ninety-fourth Olympiad;</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
in the year seven hundred and fifty-two</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
since the foundation of the City of Rome;</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
in the forty-second year of the reign of Caesar Octavian Augustus,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
the whole world being at peace,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
JESUS CHRIST, eternal God and Son of the eternal Father,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
desiring to consecrate the world by his most loving presence,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
was conceived by the Holy Spirit,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
and when nine months had passed since his conception,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
was born of the Virgin Mary in Bethlehem of Judah,</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
and was made man:</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
The Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ according to the flesh.</div>
Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-37492954042412218922014-12-11T18:51:00.000-08:002014-12-11T18:51:07.015-08:00Winning bid for next construction segment of CAHSR is literally a joke<a href="http://hsr.ca.gov/docs/Programs/Construction/CP2_3_Authority_Announces_Bid_Results_on_Next_Segment_of_Construction_in_the_Central_Valley_121114.pdf" target="_blank">High-Speed Rail Authority Announces Bid Results on Next Segment of Construction in the Central Valley</a><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
SACRAMENTO, Calif. – The California High-Speed Rail Authority (Authority) has identified Dragados/Flatiron/Shimmick as the apparent best value team for the design-build contract for Construction Package 2-3 (CP 2-3), the next 65 mile segment from Fresno to North of Bakersfield.<br />The Authority has estimated the cost of CP 2-3 to be between $1.5 billion to $2 billion. The Authority determined that Dragados/Flatiron/Shimmick, who bid $1.2 billion, was the “apparent best value.” The ranking and scores for all three proposals are attached.<br />CP 2-3 represents the continuation of construction of the high-speed rail program to the south. CP 2-3 will extend in excess of 65 miles from the terminus of Construction Package 1 at East American Avenue in Fresno to one mile north of the Kern-Tulare County line. CP 2-3 includes approximately 36 grade separations in the counties of Fresno, Tulare and Kings, including viaducts, underpasses and overpasses.</blockquote>
<br />
However, the exact bid amount? $1,234,567,890. I'm just curious as to whether this was an intentional joke on their part or an internal joke during the draft that they didn't spot before sending out the bid.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-48935415908291150242014-12-11T15:11:00.001-08:002014-12-11T15:12:21.718-08:00There's no point to 100% fare enforcement on Metrolink<a href="http://www.metrolinktrains.com/news/news_item/news_id/959.html" target="_blank">Metrolink is touting their reception of an utterly ridiculous $1.7 million grant for 100% fare enforcement on the Antelope Valley Line</a>.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
LOS ANGELES – Los Angeles County Mayor Michael Antonovich Thursday introduced a motion at the Metro Board of Directors Meeting to allocate an additional $1.7 million for the purpose of ensuring 100 percent fare enforcement on all Metrolink Antelope Valley Line trains through June 30, 2015. This funding allows continuation and augmentation of a pilot program being implemented by Metrolink which began on October 31, 2014. The Metro Board approved the motion unanimously.<br />
...<br />
In October, Metrolink launched a full fare enforcement pilot program on the Antelope Valley Line to curb fare evasion on the system, adding assistant conductors to trains to help check for tickets. Metrolink also instituted a policy at Los Angeles Union Station to prevent people without a ticket from boarding the train, and provided aggressive fare inspections at the Glendale and Burbank stations to prevent passengers from making “short-buys”, where a passenger buys a ticket for a shorter (and less costly) trip than they intend to make.<br />
The effort has also involved multiple conductor announcements, prominent signage at all stations and periodic security sweeps by Los Angeles County sheriff’s deputies at intermediate stops along the line.<br />
The initial program was scheduled to conclude in December, but with the support of Mayor Antonovich and the Metro Board, the program will continue through June 2015.<br />
Metrolink staff will return to the Metro Board by the June 2015 Board meeting to provide an evaluation of the program and its effectiveness in improving the quality and security of Metrolink’s Antelope Valley Line service. Metrolink’s goal is to secure funding and resources to have 100 percent fare enforcement on all its lines spanning more than 500 miles of track in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, and San Diego counties.</blockquote>
<br />
Now the Antelope Valley Line, running up into Lancaster and Palmdale, has the worst passenger reputation of any of Metrolink's lines. Logically, this line would have the highest rate of fare evasion. So how many people did the 100% fare enforcement program actually catch? Well, according to Metrolink (<a href="http://metrolink.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=metrolink_536838b15882e3c051e6f4c029fe6a37.pdf&view=1" target="_blank">page 64</a>), a total of 230 citations were issued and 507 people turned away for lack of a ticket during the period of November 1 to November 20. It sounds mildly impressive until you realize that this was for a total of 328 trains with a resulting average of 2 fare evaders caught per train. Or, put another way, it's 37 fare evaders per day, less than 1% of the total passenger load on that line. At an average yield of $6.46 per passenger (<a href="http://metrolink.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=metrolink_dbcba3a4a9ac8827f502746c6febf173.pdf&view=1" target="_blank">page 45</a>), there would have to be over 260,000 fare evaders, nearly 1,500 every day, for this program to make sense.<br />
<br />
In short, Los Angeles County and Metrolink are spending nearly two million dollars on a completely pointless feel good program that targets an evidently non-existant problem rather than doing something useful, like putting that money towards the estimated $24 million cost of replacing Metrolink's long outdated and constantly failing ticket vending machines or towards the cost of an online and mobile ticketing system.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-91818995490096358562014-11-14T09:32:00.000-08:002014-11-14T09:32:18.644-08:00Anaheim passengers will be able to drink their Metrolink sorrows away<a href="http://www.ocregister.com/articles/artic-641953-food-center.html" target="_blank">Nano-brewery and "speakeasy" to open at new Anaheim train station</a><br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The depot, scheduled to open Dec. 13 (that’s 12-13-14, for you Lotto folks), will house under its three-story dome a handful of original concepts by intrepid Orange County food entrepreneurs.<br />Among them is Roland Foss, a former Taco Bell marketing guy who owns Mission Market. His grab-and-go convenience store, which has a location in Fullerton, plans to accept bitcoin. It likely will be the only food tenant open when ARTIC debuts next month.<br />Others aren’t expected to come aboard until early next year, including organic coffeehouse The Lost Bean, whose flagship cafe is in Tustin. Owner Bodie Rasmussen, who has been reluctant to expand “just anywhere” over the years, said he jumped at the chance to open at ARTIC because he’s a supporter of public transportation, having lived in Europe.<br />Like others, he also sees the potential: ARTIC is expected to serve about 10,000 commuters a day.<br />Leonard Chan, who has several restaurants in various developing stages across O.C. and Los Angeles, is opening three eateries and a barbershop at ARTIC. His most notable venues are Iron Press in Costa Mesa and the Anaheim Packing House. At ARTIC, he plans to open R.A.D. – a nano-brewery serving comfort food; Hive Bar, an “approachable” speakeasy focusing on hand-crafted cocktails and rare beers; and SILO, a healthy food and poke bowl concept.<br />Linh Nguyen, owner of Ritter’s in Santa Ana and Huntington Beach, is bringing his steam kettle cooking concept to ARTIC’s second level, as well as The Oyster Bar.</blockquote>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
While it's a bit gratifying to see that there is apparently a good level of demand for the restaurant space in ARTIC (which actually opens December 6th, with the grand opening ceremony on the 13th), there's a real question as to how sustainable it will be <a href="http://www.ocregister.com/articles/anaheim-523657-artic-city.html" target="_blank">since the 10,000 daily commuters estimate is rather overblown and dependent on buses that do not actually exist</a>. Unless they're able to attract a lot of patronage from the <a href="http://www.anaheim.net/article.asp?id=1161" target="_blank">surrounding development</a> or from those visiting other nearby attractions, Anaheim's new train station will probably be quite empty by the time 2016 comes around.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
That's not to say that it couldn't happen mind you. It could very well be the case that, by word of mouth, Yelp, and other means, the restaurants will attract patrons from Angel's Stadium, the Honda Center, and the City Grove. It could even be that they will choose to take the train for convenience with future trips because of the restaurant and brewery amenities as a pre or post-event meal. I am, however, quite doubtful that that will be the case. Housing, office space, or even a hotel (especially given Disneyland and the Convention Center and the planned streetcar connection) are far more likely to draw in additional commuters and to remain a paying proposition for the station.</div>
Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-68049582890532125132014-11-13T11:04:00.000-08:002014-11-13T11:04:23.985-08:00Amtrak routes by 2014 cost recoveryIn what is now an <a href="http://reasonrail.blogspot.com/2013/11/amtrak-routes-by-2013-cost-recovery.html" target="_blank">annual tradition</a> of sorts, here are Amtrak's routes ranked according to their cost recovery and color coded for for discernment between the Northeast Corridor (blue), state supported corridors (green), and the long distance trains (orange). To eliminate the effects of state subsidies (which pushed the <i>Vermonter</i> and <i>Carolinian</i> into profitable territory this year), the state supported corridors use only ticket revenue while the Northeast Corridor and long distance trains use total revenues. This does mean that up to several million dollars in private varnish and food and beverage revenue is lost while their costs remain; keep in mind therefore that the state trains may actually be performing better by a few percentage points.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Revenue 2014</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Expenses 2014</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Cost recovery 2014</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Profit/loss</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Acela</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$603,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$295,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">204.12%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$308,000,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Washington-Lynchburg</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$12,604,973</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$8,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">151.87%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$4,304,973</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Northeast Regional</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$625,600,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$448,900,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">139.36%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$176,700,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Washington-Newport News</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$22,057,190</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$18,700,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">117.95%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$3,357,190</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Washington-Norfolk</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$7,748,910</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$7,900,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">98.09%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($151,090)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Auto Train</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$80,900,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$85,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">94.95%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,300,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Carolinian</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$19,136,311</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$20,700,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">92.45%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($1,563,689)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Maple Leaf</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$24,712,104</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$29,700,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">83.21%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,987,896)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Empire Service</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$47,472,663</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$57,600,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">82.42%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,127,337)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Washington-Richmond</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$9,594,953</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$12,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">78.65%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($2,605,047)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Keystone Service</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$37,804,213</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$52,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">72.28%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($14,495,787)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Hiawathas</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$16,794,044</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$24,500,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">68.55%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($7,705,956)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Pennsylvanian</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$11,447,786</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$16,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">68.14%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($5,352,214)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Palmetto</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$18,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$28,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">63.54%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,500,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Silver Meteor</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$44,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$74,400,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">59.54%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($30,100,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Adirondack</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$7,538,465</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$12,700,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">59.36%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($5,161,535)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Vermonter</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$5,531,708</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$10,000,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">55.32%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,468,292)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Downeaster</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$8,638,103</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$15,700,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">55.02%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($7,061,897)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Empire Builder</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$60,500,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$113,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">53.16%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($53,300,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Pacific Surfliner</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$65,514,742</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$124,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">52.71%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($58,785,258)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Lake Shore Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$34,500,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$66,500,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">51.88%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($32,000,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Ethan Allen Express</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$2,898,957</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$5,600,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">51.77%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($2,701,043)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Silver Star</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$41,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$81,500,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">50.55%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($40,300,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Wolverines</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$18,900,614</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$38,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">49.48%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($19,299,386)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>New Haven-Springfield</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$12,238,623</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$25,400,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">48.18%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($13,161,377)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>California Zephyr</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$55,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$118,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">47.17%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($62,500,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Coast Starlight</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$47,700,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$101,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">47.09%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($53,600,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Capitol Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$23,000,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$48,900,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">47.03%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($25,900,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Blue Water</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$6,487,869</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$13,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">47.01%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($7,312,131)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>City of New Orleans</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$22,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$47,500,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">46.95%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($25,200,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Illini</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$9,272,724</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$19,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">46.83%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,527,276)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Texas Eagle</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$27,400,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$59,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">46.28%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($31,800,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Chicago-St. Louis</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$16,792,321</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$37,100,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">45.26%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($20,307,679)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Southwest Chief</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$49,400,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$111,000,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">44.50%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($61,600,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Joaquins</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$38,087,608</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$86,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">44.13%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($48,212,392)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Crescent</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$35,900,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$82,100,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">43.73%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($46,200,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Pere Marquette</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$3,101,530</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$7,400,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">41.91%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,298,470)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Cascades</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$28,440,469</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$68,000,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">41.82%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($39,559,531)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Piedmont</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$3,402,929</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$8,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">41.50%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,797,071)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Capitol Corridor</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$27,105,046</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$70,000,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">38.72%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($42,894,954)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Cardinal</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$8,700,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$24,100,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">36.10%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($15,400,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Illinois Zephyr</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$5,521,055</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$16,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">33.87%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,778,945)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Kansas City-St. Louis</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$5,341,229</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$15,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">33.81%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,458,771)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Sunset Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$14,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$51,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">27.73%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($37,000,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Heartland Flyer</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$1,965,642</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$9,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">21.37%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($7,234,358)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Hoosier State</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$802,581</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$6,000,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">13.38%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($5,197,419)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
For an alternate view, here is each route ranked according to profit or loss.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Profit/loss</b></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Acela</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$308,000,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Northeast Regional</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #64b2df; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$176,700,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Washington-Lynchburg</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$4,304,973</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Washington-Newport News</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">$3,357,190</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Washington-Norfolk</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($151,090)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Carolinian</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($1,563,689)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Washington-Richmond</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($2,605,047)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Ethan Allen Express</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($2,701,043)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Pere Marquette</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,298,470)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Auto Train</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,300,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Vermonter</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,468,292)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Piedmont</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,797,071)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Maple Leaf</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($4,987,896)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Adirondack</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($5,161,535)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Hoosier State</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($5,197,419)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Pennsylvanian</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($5,352,214)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Downeaster</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($7,061,897)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Heartland Flyer</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($7,234,358)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Blue Water</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($7,312,131)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Hiawathas</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($7,705,956)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Empire Service</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,127,337)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Kansas City-St. Louis</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,458,771)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Palmetto</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,500,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Illini</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,527,276)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Illinois Zephyr</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($10,778,945)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>New Haven-Springfield</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($13,161,377)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Keystone Service</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($14,495,787)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Cardinal</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($15,400,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Wolverines</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($19,299,386)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Chicago-St. Louis</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($20,307,679)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>City of New Orleans</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($25,200,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Capitol Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($25,900,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Silver Meteor</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($30,100,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Texas Eagle</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($31,800,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Lake Shore Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($32,000,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Sunset Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($37,000,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Cascades</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($39,559,531)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Silver Star</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($40,300,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Capitol Corridor</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($42,894,954)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Crescent</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($46,200,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Joaquins</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($48,212,392)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Empire Builder</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($53,300,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Coast Starlight</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($53,600,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Pacific Surfliner</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #9ce159; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($58,785,258)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>Southwest Chief</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($61,600,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 133.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;"><b>California Zephyr</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ffa93a; border-color: #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6 #d6d6d6; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; width: 69.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: 10px;">($62,500,000)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
Most routes performed a bit better this year than they did the year previously thanks to Amtrak's cost cutting measures; this was particularly evident on the long distance routes which collectively cut $111.5 million from their costs and OPEBs. The Auto Train is the standout performer, somehow cutting $25.9 million in costs which, in addition to $5.5 million in additional revenue, allowed to to come only $4.3 million away from breakeven.<br />
<br />
I've trimmed some figures relating to year over year changes in the interest of presentation, but they remain available in the <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/vguhp521zk3uov5/Amtrak%20FY2014recovery.xlsx?dl=0" target="_blank">Excel file</a> (converted from Numbers). As always, the figures come from Amtrak's <a href="http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/243/158/Monthly%20Performance%20Report%20-%20September%202014%20(Preliminary%20and%20Unaudited).pdf" target="_blank">September Monthly Performance Report</a>.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-70761665433677818042014-10-24T19:14:00.000-07:002014-10-24T19:14:22.271-07:00Average number of seats per Amtrak trainFor all my complaints and suggestions that particular routes really need an extra car or two (such as the Carolinian), I've never really had a good way of estimating the length of said trains except counting cars on Youtube videos, a task which is, quite frankly, somewhat less than appealing. However, the other day it hit me that since, <a href="http://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0532" target="_blank">courtesy of the FRA</a>, we have the number of passenger-miles per train-mile, and from Amtrak's own monthly performance reports we can derive the occupancy of each train route, we can simply divide the passenger-miles per train-miles by the occupancy in order to figure out how long each train is, to an approximate average. It's not exact (the Acela does not have 304 seats for instance), but it should be within the right ballpark figure. If there's anything that jumps out as particularly weird or off, please let me know.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Train</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Average seats per train</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Acela</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">312</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Keystone</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">335</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Northeast Regional</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">442</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>—Richmond/Newport News</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">437</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>—Lynchburg</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">506</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>—Norfolk</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">510</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>—New Haven/Springfield</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">242</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Capitol Corridor</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">314</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Carolinian</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">331</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Cascades</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">261</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Downeaster</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">290</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Adirondack</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">270</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Empire Service</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">388</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Ethan Allen Express</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">387</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Maple Leaf</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">203</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Heartland Flyer</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">224</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Hiawatha</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">406</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Hoosier State</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">153</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Carl Sandburg/Illinois Zephyr</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">266</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Illini/Saluki</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">332</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Lincoln Service</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">311</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Blue Water</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">361</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Pere Marquette</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">221</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Wolverine</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">396</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Kansas City-St. Louis</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">178</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Pacific Surfliner</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">474</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Pennsylvanian</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">303</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Piedmont</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">159</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>San Joaquins</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">315</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Vermonter</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">298</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Auto Train</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">512</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>California Zephyr</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">294</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Capitol Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">289</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Cardinal</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">225</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>City of New Orleans</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">262</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Coast Starlight</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">356</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Crescent</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">303</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Empire Builder</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">352</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Lake Shore Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">384</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Palmetto</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">319</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Silver Meteor</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">357</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Silver Star</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">307</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Southwest Chief</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">290</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Sunset Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">264</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;"><b>Texas Eagle</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px;">259</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-14493682818769294772014-10-13T17:53:00.000-07:002014-10-13T17:53:58.920-07:00Where Orange County workers are from shows the need for reverse commute serviceEarlier today I came across the <a href="http://www.ocbc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012-WORKFORCE-HOUSING-SCORECARD.pdf" target="_blank">2012 Workforce Housing Scorecard</a> by the Orange County Business Council. Skimming through it, one section in particular caught my eye:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In 2010, only 58 percent of those who worked in Orange County lived in Orange County; among the remainder, <b>20.5 percent lived in Los Angeles County</b>, 11.8 percent in the Inland Empire, 5.2 percent in San Diego County, and 27.8 percent commuted 25 miles or more</blockquote>
<br />
That 20.5% of Orange County's workers come from Los Angeles County, while 11.8% come from the Inland Empire, is a rather reasonable thing in and of itself. Los Angeles, after all, is quite a bit larger than Riverside and San Bernardino Counties. But it's notable in light of the poor service which Orange County sees for workers from Los Angeles compared to that which it sees for those from the Inland Empire. Metrolink is, after all, notable for providing one of the very few suburb to suburb lines in the country with the imaginatively named Inland Empire-Orange County Line. As Metrolink itself has noticed, job growth in Orange County has led to the OC and IEOC lines being protected from ridership losses (<a href="http://metrolink.granicus.com/DocumentViewer.php?file=metrolink_4d3920074703d68842005581e3cf467f.pdf&view=1" target="_blank">page 86)</a>:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Analysis of the regional economic recovery have shown robust job growth in south Orange County, the South Bay and the West Side, while downtown Los Angeles job growth has been relatively flat. This trend was further reinforced by government employee furloughs (a major job sector for downtown Los Angeles). This is reflected in ridership growth on the Orange County and IEOC Lines while other lines have been flat or declining.</blockquote>
Additionally, while downtown Los Angeles has been shedding jobs, it's been adding housing, <a href="http://letsgola.wordpress.com/2014/09/11/downtown-la-is-responsible-for-20-of-housing-built-since-1999-and-thats-terrible-news/" target="_blank">to the extent of 20% of all new housing in Los Angeles County</a> (though this is also an indicator of how bad the rest of the county is at permitting new housing). Meanwhile the chief worker importing cities of Orange County; Anaheim, Santa Ana, Irvine, and Orange; are all served by Metrolink directly from Los Angeles. Now, surely in a rational world twice the potential ridership market (workers commuting into Orange County) would merit at least a comparable level of service. Unfortunately, we live in the land of Metrolink.<br />
<br />
The IEOC Line currently offers five daily arrivals in Irvine prior to 9:00 AM. The 91 Line serves Fullerton and Buena Park in the north with an additional three for a total of eight peak frequencies from the Inland Empire to Orange County. From Los Angeles, Metrolink offers only one single, solitary train before 9:00 AM (though a second arrives in Irvine at 9:08). If you're a monthly pass holder and your destination is one served by Amtrak, there are two additional trains that you can take on the Pacific Surfliner, but this is far from ideal and doesn't help those who are heading towards a Metrolink only station or are coming from Norwalk/Santa Fe Springs, which is not served by Amtrak.<br />
<br />
If we extend the definition of peak to arrivals by 9:30 AM for Los Angeles and Irvine, in order to account for intermediate destinations (the average trip being somewhat less than the distance from Irvine to Los Angeles), the <a href="http://www.metrolinktrains.com/pdfs/Facts&Numbers/Performance_Data/Ridership_Reports/Ridership_2011_06.pdf" target="_blank">June 2011 data</a> shows 440 reverse peak AM riders on the two reverse commute trains (600 & 682) out of a total of 3,542 peak riders (601, 603, 605, 607, 681, 683, 685 additional). 12% of the ridership is less than the 22% of trains that those two trains represents, but they're not quite as advantaged as the peak direction trains. Neither is in an early morning time slot such as the best train, 601, which, arriving at Union Station at 6:40 AM, carried an average weekday load of 648 passengers. Train 600 stops at Irvine, preventing it from carrying any commuters further to Oceanside, and while 682 does continue down to Oceanside and has the higher ridership of the two, it arrives at 10:10 AM, making it an off-peak train for that destination rather than reverse commute. Reverse commute ridership is also depressed by the poor options for getting home: The last northbound Metrolink currently leaves Irvine at 5:10 PM and Amtrak really isn't a substitute even where it can be taken: The only two Amtrak trains after that are at 7:38 and 9:59 PM. Even rush hour traffic on the 5 isn't bad enough to justify that long of a wait for the next train.<br />
<br />
It's clear that, despite Metrolink's poor offerings, there's already demand for reverse commute service on the Orange County Line and that, should it be adequately offered, it has the potential to result in substantial ridership gains. Indeed, given the current strong financial performance of the Orange County Line (<a href="http://metrolinktrains.com/pdfs/Facts&Numbers/Financial_Reports/Annual_Budget/SCRRA_FY14-15_Budget.pdf" target="_blank">revenue recovery of 73.1% even including the lackluster Fullerton-Laguna Niguel runs</a>), it's possible that a successful reverse commute program could bring the Orange County Line up to the rare status of an operationally profitable commuter line. As the slots and equipment become available, therefore, Metrolink should prioritize adding reverse commute service from Los Angeles to Laguna Niguel and Oceanside.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-63466267790750606552014-09-22T15:38:00.000-07:002014-09-22T15:38:45.680-07:00All Aboard Florida Ridership and Revenue HighlightsContinuing from my last post, here's a look at the <a href="https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L15932" target="_blank">ridership and revenue appendix to All Aboard Florida's Draft Environmental Impact Statement.</a><br />
<br />
To begin with, it's a bit of a misnomer as there's no revenue information in the available summary report. Though I lack any proof, I believe that this was simply, and reasonably, redacted from the report in order to protect their commercial interests. It is a bit unfortunate however since the fare level has a rather large impact on the reasonableness of their ridership estimates.<br />
<br />
One thing I would like to quickly address is the mystery I had with the number of passengers diverted from air travel exceeding the number of Orlando-Miami air passengers by a significant margin. As it turns out, according to the FAA on page 24, the number of Orlando-Ft. Lauderdale air passengers is nearly double that of Orlando-Miami, totaling 163,500 annual passengers. The diversion is only on the order of 60% of air passengers then which is rather more reasonable. The diversion from Amtrak is still somewhat mysterious, but may be a result of growth projections as well as possible intermodal trips from All Aboard Florida.<br />
<br />
While the EIS refers to the 3.5 million ridership figure as coming from the most conservative ridership case, that's not strictly accurate, at least as how I'd read it. Rather, the 3.5 million comes from the base case. In their own words:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The scenario does not include potential future changes to the proposed AAF service, such as additional future station locations; and does not include consideration of future changes to the relevant transportation network that are subject to some level of uncertainty, such as impact of the growth in congestion on major highways and arterials in the market area, or the impact of potential direct connections with local transit improvements planned by local and regional agencies. (page 3)</blockquote>
<br />
Accounting for connections to other transit, such as SunRail and Ft. Lauderdale's streetcar; marketing initiatives; frequent rider loyalty programs; revenue yield management; and other incentives; results in a ridership forecast of up to 5.1 million in 2019, composed of 2,434,300 Orlando riders and 2,671,556 riders traveling solely within the West Palm Beach-Miami corridor. I don't believe this is an achievable ridership figure for the very simple reason that they do not have nearly enough seats to satisfy demand, which amounts to an average of 437 passengers per train every single day. Even nine-car trains are going to see frequently sold out trains in the peak periods and while some will go for cheaper off-peak trains, it's stretching the imagination to suggest that they'll manage to nearly fill each and every single one of them.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nzmrByo__rM/VCCMDNgUBLI/AAAAAAAAAGI/bGdCd5fib_0/s1600/AAFmarketshare.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nzmrByo__rM/VCCMDNgUBLI/AAAAAAAAAGI/bGdCd5fib_0/s1600/AAFmarketshare.png" height="186" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Base case 2019 market share</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Congested auto travel times were accounted for in estimating station access and long-distance auto travel times. The AAF forecast is not predicated on future growth in congestion, however. This is a conservative approach as it is very likely that congestion within and between the regions will increase, making non-highway modes of travel more competitive. (Page 11)</blockquote>
It's also interesting to note that the impact of fuel prices upon ridership are considered to be negligible, with travel time (including station access time) and frequency being the dominant factors on ridership. A 20% increase in gasoline or air fare leads only to a 1.4% and 1.7% predicted increase in AAF ridership. On the other hand, decreasing the running time by 10% leads to a 5% increase in ridership in the West Palm Beach-Miami market and 7% overall (with a similar drop should running times increase). Similarly, large gains are expected when travel times increase for parallel modes; in the most extreme, a 20% increase in travel time due to freeway congestion (but not impeding intracity travel to stations), there is a predicted 16% ridership gain in the long distance market and 12% in the short distance.<br />
<br />
However, the ridership summary does graphically show that putting the northern terminus at Orlando Airport is probably not the best decision. Compare the population and employment density of the Orlando station with that of the other three:<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bd754Ou_pzA/VCCgKvKIhuI/AAAAAAAAAGY/fudLQsH_Kdg/s1600/AAFpop.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-bd754Ou_pzA/VCCgKvKIhuI/AAAAAAAAAGY/fudLQsH_Kdg/s1600/AAFpop.png" height="320" width="229" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zPLVpv1q73Y/VCCgM_GhNUI/AAAAAAAAAGg/Z76pu7zDq48/s1600/AAFemployment.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zPLVpv1q73Y/VCCgM_GhNUI/AAAAAAAAAGg/Z76pu7zDq48/s1600/AAFemployment.png" height="320" width="237" /></a></div>
<br />
In pure numbers, there are 170,944 people living within a 5-mile radius of the West Palm Beach station (2010), 232,800 within five miles of Fort Lauderdale, 469,842 within five miles of the new Miami station, but only 58,439 within five miles of the Orlando station. Having never once yet enjoyed the drive into an airport, I would not be surprised if Orlando underperformed due to the inconvenient nature of its station. That said, it is something that should be easily fixed: <a href="http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/2013-11-16/news/os-sunrail-orlando-international-20131116_1_sunrail-train-sunrail-station-orlando-international-airport" target="_blank">SunRail's planned connection to Orlando Airport would cost $100 million to build</a>. That's a fairly small sum in the scheme of things for All Aboard Florida and it's possible that SunRail will prove amenable to allowing trackage rights to the Amtrak station in Orlando in exchange for bankrolling the project. That's a trade that will do wonders to boost ridership figures and connectivity in Orlando while aiding both projects.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-84436801743203276502014-09-19T15:26:00.004-07:002014-09-19T15:26:38.281-07:00Highlights from All Aboard Florida's Draft EIS<a href="https://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0672" target="_blank">The Federal Railroad Administration released the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for All Aboard Florida today</a>; the following are some highlights from it.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
According to a ridership and revenue forecast commissioned by Florida East Coast Industries and prepared by Louis Berger Group (LBG) for the Project, the most conservative total annual ridership would amount to approximately 3.5 million in 2019. Among the 2019 project totals, approximately 2.0 million would be short distance trips (Ft. Lauderdale – Miami, West Palm Beach – Miami, West Palm Beach – Ft. Lauderdale) and 1.5 million would be long distance trips (Orlando – Southeast Florida). Total annual ridership is predicted to exceed 4 million by year 2030. (Page S-6)</blockquote>
<br />
If 3.5 million is their most conservative estimate, which comes out to an average of 300 passengers per train, I'm really surprised at the lack of capacity in their trains. With one coach as first class seating, their seven car sets will only have 446 seats, 396 if one coach is a dedicated café car. I anticipate that peak trains will probably sell out fairly quickly, especially if their conservative estimates do prove to be conservative. On the other hand, it will be fairly easy for them to expand their capacity as it should be a running production line and the initial Phase 1 operations, West Palm Beach to Miami, should give them a warning as to whether their ridership estimates are significantly off in either direction.<br />
<br />
Additionally, if there are 2.0 million trips between West Palm Beach, Fort Lauderdale, and Miami, it's probable that a going proposition could be made simply on that traffic. Orlando nearly doubles the traffic, and is probably higher revenue traffic, but it also represents a major capital investment sink. Quite frankly, Florida should have looked at investing in this corridor a long time ago.<br />
<br />
On page S-7, there's a summary of the construction elements involved. The Orlando extension will build six new bridges (including one for the Vehicle Maintenance Facility) while 25 bridges will be reconstructed on the existing Florida East Coast alignment, including seven between West Palm Beach and Miami.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Riders for AAF are expected to be primarily diverted from automobile modes (69 percent of forecast ridership). The Project would have the beneficial impact of removing 335,628 auto vehicle trips per year from the regional roadway network in 2016 and 1.2 million vehicles in 2019.<br />
The proposed passenger rail service would divert 10 percent of its long‐distance riders from private inter‐city motorbus services, which totals approximately 152,600 annual bus passenger trips per year. The proposed service would divert 10 percent of its riders from the air service market, which totals approximately 152,600 annual aviation passenger trips per year. Two percent of the AAF long‐distance ridership is forecast to come from Amtrak passenger rail services. In 2019, this amounts to approximately 31,000 annual trips diverted from Amtrak which is about 4 percent of Amtrak’s 2012 ridership in South Florida. (Page S-9)</blockquote>
<br />
91% of ridership is expected to come via various diversions which leaves 9% for induced demand. That's a fairly low threshold to meet: in a perhaps extreme example, the Paris-Lyon LGV is credited with a 27% increase in total traffic while simultaneously rising to 72% of total mode-share, <a href="https://stuff.mit.edu/afs/athena/course/11/11.951/OldFiles/oldstuff/albacete/Course%20Reader/Transportation/High-Speed%20Tranist%20Literature%20Review/Givoni%202006.pdf" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. If All Aboard Florida has significantly underestimated actual ridership, I expect induced demand to be where it has done so.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Project would have long‐term direct economic benefits to local populations through the creation of approximately 1,100 jobs on average per year through 2021 and labor income valued at nearly $294 million through 2021. During construction, the Project would create an estimated 10,400 jobs on average per year and labor income valued at nearly $1.2 billion. Overall, the Project would realize approximately $1.2 billion to Florida’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in estimated annual economic development through 2021 and generate approximately $187 million in annual federal, state and local government tax revenue through 2021.1 Includes both direct, indirect and secondary federal, state and local government tax revenue generated from the Project (Page S-17)</blockquote>
<br />
The additional tax revenues that All Aboard Florida is claiming are a good reason for governments to look at investing in new and existing passenger rail corridors. Even if the service itself requires financial support, such as most state supported corridors currently require, that money can be recouped through the tax revenue that economic expansion garners, acting as a form of loss leader. That said, I take every job creation and economic impact report with quite a bit of salt.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Without further improvements to the existing I‐95 corridor, by 2035 100‐percent of the urban segments within the I‐95 corridor will be under “heavy congestion, and 55 percent of the non‐urban segments will see increased congestion” (I‐95 Corridor Coalition 2013).<br />
...<br />
In 1991, FDOT established a limit of ten lanes (five lanes in either direction) at any location on the Florida Interstate Highway System (FIHS) (FRA 2005). This limit to capacity was further solidified in 2002 and 2003, when FDOT procedures 525‐030‐250‐f and 525‐030‐255‐c set up specific criteria for widening all roads on the FIHS. These procedures were based on 2000 legislation (Section 225.02(3) of the Florida Statutes [FS]), which establishes criteria that must be considered when determining the number of lanes on the FIHS. The criteria include consideration of multi‐modal alternatives and considerations of local comprehensive plans and approved metropolitan long range transportation plans. The procedures (FDOT 2003) note:<br />
“Nothing in Section 335.02 (3) FS precludes a number of lanes in excess of ten lanes. However, before the Department may determine the number of lanes should be more than ten, the availability of [right‐of‐ way] (ROW), and the capacity to accommodate other modes of transportation within the existing ROW must be considered.“ (Page 2-4)</blockquote>
<br />
Given the ease with which All Aboard Florida will be able to expand its capacity compared to the expense of widening highways, this should guarantee significant increase in passenger numbers for years to come. The biggest obstacles which All Aboard Florida will face are probably related to its agreement with Tri-Rail requiring high fares and a limited number of stations.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Amtrak currently operates two separate train services in the Project Corridor, the Silver Star and Silver Meteor (both between New York City, New York and Miami, Florida). There are two southbound (SB) trains per day and two northbound (NB) trains per day. The travel time between Orlando and Miami on the two Amtrak services is between 5 hours, 45 minutes and 7 hours, 34 minutes. Annual ridership on these two routes was 23,300 (Louis Berger Group 2013).<br />
...<br />
There are 244 daily and 88,900 annual passengers who travel between Orlando and Miami via airplane (Louis Berger Group 2013). (Pages 2-5-6)</blockquote>
<br />
I am quite confused as to how All Aboard Florida can expect to divert 31,000 passengers from Amtrak and 152,600 from air travel when these totals exceed the current passenger levels. Possibly they're considering, but not including, the passengers from Orlando to the West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale airports, but that wouldn't explain the Amtrak diversion issues. My best guess, assuming that they're not simply absurdly wrong, is that it is including trips currently made on Amtrak to cities not connected by the proposed All Aboard Florida network that will finish by intermodal connection: A bus from Orlando to Tampa for example.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Middle Section of East-West Corridor (SR 417 to SR 520)<br />This section is approximately 17.5 miles long. East of SR 417, Alternative A would be within the SR 528 ROW. The alignment would be comprised of mostly a single new track, but would require extensive retaining walls and bridges in order to minimize its footprint and accommodate existing and future SR 528 infrastructure. Constructing a new rail line along this corridor would require stormwater features to capture and treat the runoff. Drainage would be comingled with the existing SR 528 drainage ditch. The proposed ROW in this section is an average of 60 feet wide and would impact approximately 127 acres of land. (page 3-31)</blockquote>
This single track section will probably be the single greatest limitation on capacity for All Aboard Florida if it should try to expand frequencies in the future, though the lack of commuter or freight service on this line means that it shouldn't be too crippling.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The new construction and improvements proposed along the FECR Corridor are:<br />• Improve approximately 128.5 miles of rail line;<br />• Reconstruct 18 bridges;<br />• Add approximately 109 miles of new second track;<br />• Eight miles of new third track;<br />• Upgrade highway and pedestrian crossings; and<br />• Upgrade signals and grade crossings. (Page 3-35)</blockquote>
No comment on this, simply bringing it out as a highlight.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
AAF will implement a PTC system throughout the Project, including the E‐W Corridor between Orlando and Cocoa, and the N‐S Corridor between Cocoa and Miami. The new PTC system will be interoperable between the AAF and FECR trains. AAF will outfit 55 FECR locomotives as well as its own locomotives to avoid any incompatibility issues. AAF will also expand and supplement FECR’s Digicon Digital Traffic Control systems and add a new Back Office Server to satisfy FRA’s requirements (49 CFR part 236). The system will also use the existing Parallel Infrastructure LLC’s fiber optic system within the FECR Corridor. (Page 3-41)</blockquote>
<div>
There is no information however on the specific type of PTC installation.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The Project’s planned service between Orlando and Miami would consist of 16 revenue round‐trips leaving hourly in each direction from 5:00 AM to 9:00 PM, with planned stops at the two intermediate stations in West Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale. The last Orlando‐bound revenue train would arrive in Orlando at 12:10 AM and the last Miami‐bound revenue train would arrive in Miami at 11:10 PM.<br />Total scheduled travel time, including stops, is anticipated to be 3 hours, 10 minutes between the terminal stations. Station to station travel time would be 1 hour, 50 minutes from Orlando to West Palm Beach, and 1 hour, 20 minutes from West Palm Beach to Miami. (Page 3-44)</blockquote>
<br />
This is a good length of time for the trains to be operating, enabling both early morning and late night arrivals. While Orlando to West Palm Beach is approximately 30 minutes faster than driving (according to Google Maps at 6pm EDT), it's roughly the same speed as driving for West Palm Beach to Miami with traffic. Faster is always better, but same speed without aggravation should work quite well on its own.<br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The rolling stock for the Project would consist of ten train sets. Eight train sets would be required to be in concurrent operation along the AAF route to deliver regularly scheduled, hourly‐service frequency. Each train set would be comprised of two locomotives, and seven coach‐type passenger cars (two Business Cars, a Café/Economy Car, four Economy Coach Cars). In addition, AAF would procure one spare locomotive and one spare café car. The two‐locomotive arrangement provides redundant push/pull operation and would assure smooth operations up to the maximum speed of 125 mph even with an expansion of the train set to nine cars, if needed. The fleet and all facilities (stations and maintenance) are designed to accommodate expansion to nine‐car trains. (Page 3-45)</blockquote>
<br />
So with two business cars the number of seats drops to 364 plus a nominal number, probably not more than 20, in the cafe car. I'll honestly be flabbergasted if they don't expand to 9 cars within a fairly short time-frame, though I'll admit that I may simply be biased by growing up with six car bilevel Surfliners as my norm.<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
To provide easy and safe train boarding and de‐boarding and to minimize the dwell time at stations, passengers would be distributed evenly along the platform. When AAF passengers purchase their tickets, they would select their seat, similar to the experience of airline passengers today. Along with each seat assignment, the tickets would indicate a number that coordinates with large numbering on each coach door location along the platform where the customer should wait to enter the train. These large numbers would be also affixed along the platform edge to assist with wayfinding. Uniform consistency of the AAF train sets would simplify this procedure, and give comfort to passengers that they have confirmed seating, and know exactly where it will be. These train features would support the planned dwell times at intermediate stations of 1 minute. (Page 3-45)</blockquote>
<br />
I'm not going to lie, my initial reaction to this was "Thank you Baby Railroading Jesus." There may be some degree of security theater nonsense going on with station design, but this is exactly how the seating and platforms ought to work and it will provide a substantial incentive, in the form of public relations, for <a href="http://www.vox.com/2014/3/31/5563600/everything-you-need-to-know-about-boarding-an-amtrak-train" target="_blank">Amtrak to fix its asinine boarding policies</a>.<br />
<br />
I'll be looking at the <a href="https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L15932" target="_blank">Ridership and Revenue Study Summary</a> in a later post due to the length of this one and because I feel it ought to be considered separately.</div>
Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-10418855989920287942014-09-14T12:00:00.001-07:002014-09-14T12:00:39.598-07:00Brief timeline of upcoming LOSSAN projects in San Diego CountyA brief list of funded projects with a timeline for construction courtesy of a presentation to LOSSAN (<a href="https://lossan.octa.net/AgendaPDF/Sep%2015,%202014%20-%20Board%20Agenda.pdf" target="_blank">end of the file</a>). With the exception of the Oceanside Transit Center project, they are listed according to estimated year of completion.<br />
<br />
2015<br />
-Sorrento Valley double track (1.1 miles of double track, raised track bed, two wooden trestle bridges replaced).<br />
-San Onofre double track Phase 1 (with phase 2 will be 5.8 miles of double track and wooden trestle bridge replacement).<br />
-Construction starts on third track, additional platform, lengthened platform at Oceanside Transit Center.<br />
<br />
2016<br />
-Poinsettia station replaces at grade pedestrian crossing with an undercrossing and an inter-track fence, 15" platforms.<br />
<br />
2017<br />
-Los Peñasquitos Lagoon Bridges Replacement (four wooden trestle bridges replaced, allows increased speed)<br />
<br />
2018<br />
-Elvira to Morena (2.6 miles of double track and curve realignment).<br />
-San Diego River Bridge (0.9 miles of double track, new double tracked bridge over San Diego River).Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-87591403574872569472014-09-11T16:54:00.002-07:002014-09-11T16:54:43.862-07:00All Aboard Florida goes with HST solution<div class="tr_bq">
<a href="http://siemensusa.newshq.businesswire.com/press-release/rail-systems/all-aboard-florida-selects-siemens-train-manufacturer" target="_blank">Siemens will be building train sets with conventional locomotives and coaches for All Aboard Florida:</a></div>
<blockquote>
SACRAMENTO, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Today it was announced that Siemens has been selected to build the locomotives and passenger coaches for the All Aboard Florida passenger rail project that will connect South and Central Florida. All Aboard Florida and Siemens have been working together extensively on the development and design of the passenger rail cars that will transport millions of tourists, leisure and business travelers along Florida’s east coast.<br />This will be the first privately-owned, operated and maintained passenger rail system in the United States. When completed, it will also be one of the highest speed train routes running in the country today, operating at maximum speeds up to 125 mph. Importantly these trains, both the locomotives and the passenger coaches, will be “Made in America” at Siemens’ solar-powered rail manufacturing hub in Sacramento.<br />...<br />The initial five trainset purchase to serve the Miami to West Palm Beach segment will consist of two diesel-electric locomotives, one on each end of four passenger coaches. These diesel-electric locomotives will meet the highest emissions standards set by the federal government. All Aboard Florida and Siemens plan to expand the initial trainsets to seven coaches, and purchase an additional five trainsets, concurrent with environmental approvals and additional financing for the segment from West Palm Beach to the Orlando International Airport.<br />The stainless steel passenger coaches, the first to be manufactured by Siemens in the United States, will be state-of-the-art, ADA compliant and designed for comfort, featuring special ergonomic seating and Wi-Fi. The trainsets will also be level boarding, which allows for the ease of boarding without steps and provides easier access for bikes, walkers, strollers and wheelchairs. The locomotives will meet the latest federal rail safety regulations, including enhanced carbody structure safety with crash energy management components.</blockquote>
<a href="http://preview.thenewsmarket.com/Previews/SIMS/DocumentAssets/345225.pdf" target="_blank">Charger locomotive fact sheet</a><br />
<a href="http://preview.thenewsmarket.com/Previews/SIMS/DocumentAssets/345224.pdf" target="_blank">Intercity passenger coach fact sheet</a><br />
<br />
While in a sense it is disappointing that All Aboard Florida is going for locomotives and coach cars, they'll have an impressively high power to weight ratio that should make up for it. Assuming that the coaches are similar to Siemen's <a href="https://w3.siemens.dk/home/dk/dk/mobility/rullende_materiel/togsaet_vogne/Documents/Passenger_Train_Solutions_eng.pdf" target="_blank">Viaggio coaches</a>, it should have a power to weight ratio of 13 horsepower per short ton. This compares favorably with the British High Speed Train (IC125) which in a similar 2+7 has a power to weight ratio of 9.1 hp/ton and even with the Class 221 Voyager DMU's 12 hp/ton (though the Class 220 has one of 14.7 hp/ton). There should be no issues with accelerating up to speed even with the added weight penalties of FRA compliance.<br />
<br />
Where this does fall short is in passenger capacity, which is just abysmal, with Siemens quoting 50 in first class and 66 in economy class. The Viaggio Comfort is supposed to hold 60-88 and the <a href="http://on-track-on-line.com/amtk-roster-cars.shtml#Amfleet-I" target="_blank">Amfleet I</a> holds 62 in business class and 72 in coach (previously with up to 84 seats). As I <i>strongly</i> suspect that Siemens is attempting to position themselves for the future Amfleet replacement order, possibly building these at cost or even a loss in order to secure the contract, it's quite odd that the quoted capacities would be so low. The likely answer is that All Aboard Florida is going with a 2+1 seating as the base level with a large amount of leg room in first class. Personally I'm not overly fond of this as I think capacity should be second only to frequency, but the agreements with Tri-Rail which have required quite high short distance fares may have resulted in a base fare level so high that it doesn't make sense to do otherwise.<br />
<br />
On another note, with this order, and especially if Siemens wins additional orders for the Charger and these coaches from Amtrak, Sacramento is clearly becoming a center of passenger rail manufacturing in the United States. It's a position that I don't think anyone would have predicted until possibly a few years ago and is quite an enjoyable finger in the eye of those who constantly claim that California's taxes and regulations are hostile to business. It will be quite interesting to see if Siemens attempts to move into the freight market once they've established themselves in American passenger railroading, bringing a large chunk of the Midwest's heavy industry to California with it.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-60857670933273110792014-08-10T14:49:00.000-07:002014-08-10T14:49:01.537-07:00Will 2015 be the year that Amtrak turns a profit?Nine months in to Amtrak’s fiscal year and it is clear that 2014 is going to be Amtrak’s best year ever financially. Indeed, not only is it set to post the lowest loss in inflation adjusted dollars in its history, but the lowest loss in nominal dollars. In three of the months this year; October, December, and June; Amtrak has posted an operational profit, that is to say that it’s revenues have exceeded the costs of providing the service (but not accounting for items such as depreciation). These revenues were sufficiently great that, even with November showing a loss, Amtrak managed to eke out a profitable first quarter.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/621/650/Amtrak-Monthly-Performance-Report-June-2014.pdf" target="_blank">For the year to date</a>, Amtrak has posted a loss of $128.4 million and is currently projecting a total loss for the year of $233.3 million. However, to do this, it would need to lose $35 million each month during its best performing time of year. Last year, between all three months combined, it lost only $34 million, posting a slight profit in July of $3 million. For it to show a loss of over a hundred million dollars instead would require that some truly amazing feats of accounting over the previous year. That’s not to say that that hasn’t happened: There is currently a $40.4 million in Auto Train expenses that appear to have vanished into the ether. Should it reappear, it will pose a rather significant impact to Amtrak’s bottom line. If, however, it truly has disappeared, and Amtrak’s performance in the fourth quarter matches that of the rest of the year, we should see operating profits in July and August both, with a small loss in September bringing Amtrak to a total operational loss for the year of only $95 million compared to last year’s $355 million loss.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
What accounts for this dramatic change in fortunes? Some of it is the result of increased state payments, but this would be the smallest change. There is so far only a $35.6 million increase in revenue credited to state supported train revenue and $62.9 million expected for the whole year. This is dwarfed by the $79.2 million in increased ticket revenues and the $72.2 million reduction in expenses compared to 2013.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Will Amtrak be able to match this performance next year and thus post a small operating profit? It’s possible. This year has shown a net drop in ridership, even with adjustments to represent more accurate counting (multi-pass ridership was significantly overestimated), and revenue has been mostly stagnant outside of the Acela. If Amtrak can manage to grow ridership and revenue in its other segments next year, it should have a fairly strong chance of meeting that goal. Even if 2015 turns out not to be the year that Amtrak makes an operating profit, we should see it by the end of the decade as new equipment, especially the Acela replacement, comes online and expands Amtrak’s capacity.</div>
Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-44988789673964848492014-07-10T13:11:00.000-07:002014-07-10T13:11:01.438-07:00Capitol Corridor launches plans to increase Roseville frequencies<a href="http://www.sacbee.com/2014/07/08/6542731/capitol-corridor-hope-10-passenger.html" target="_blank">The Capitol Corridor is looking at spending $200 million to increase service from one round trip to ten</a><div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<blockquote>
The project involves building a third rail line on the Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way. Officials with Union Pacific, which would own the line, say the project would free up space for their freight train operations, which are expected to increase over time. UP would own the new tracks and pay to maintain them, but would not help pay to build them. Instead, it would grant Capitol Corridor the right to run 10 round-trip trains a day on the line.<br />The line would require construction of 11 overcrossings, including a train bridge over the American River adjacent to the existing rail bridge just west of the Capital City Freeway, and a new passenger platform at the Roseville Amtrak station.<br />Capitol Corridor officials say the new trains could be up and running by 2018 if the agency lands state and federal funding for the project. Most of the trains would continue on to the Bay Area after stopping in Sacramento. Trains would run from the downtown Roseville Amtrak station to the Sacramento Valley Station at Fifth and I streets in downtown Sacramento, a half-hour ride.<br />Although the project’s upfront construction costs are large, operational costs are likely to be minimal, according to Capitol Corridor planning manager Jim Allison. The extended service would use existing trains and crews. Allison said his agency’s research suggests south Placer County is a growth area for train ridership. “The whole Placer County area is a growing community, and they are open to the transit options.”</blockquote>
</div>
<div>
It seems a bit silly, I must admit, not to go whole hog and spend whatever is necessary to send these trains the additional 18 miles to Auburn. That said, the increased train frequencies should do a very good job of boosting ridership from Roseville. Right now the only Capitol Corridor train comes leaves at 7:03 in the morning and returns at 5:48 in the evening. That doesn't work for commuting, which is fairly common on the Capitols, and works even more poorly for attracting the leisure market which is the bread and butter of intercity rail (and 58% of Capitol Corridor ridership, <a href="http://www.octa.net/pdf/lossanagenda1-15-14.pdf" target="_blank">page 13 of the ridership profile survey</a>). These increased frequencies to Roseville should help to arrest the declining ridership that has been plaguing the Capitol Corridor for the past year.</div>
Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-49043386851052065812014-06-17T14:10:00.001-07:002014-06-17T14:10:14.810-07:00All Aboard Florida is taking out a rather pricey loan for construction<a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-16/all-aboard-florida-plans-405-million-of-debt-for-railway.html">From Bloomberg comes the news that All Aboard Florida wants a five-year $405 million dollar loan at 12%.</a><br />
<br />
While such a bond offering certainly does help show that All Aboard Florida is indeed a serious concern, that high of an interest rate is absolutely ruinous for any plans to run a profitable rail line; even at their best, the margins are not terribly high. My personal supposition is that this is intended merely to get the ball rolling while they continue to seek an RRIF loan from the Federal government; part of that loan would then be used to refinance this loan into something rather more reasonable. Without the low interest rates of a Federal RRIF loan, however, I do not believe that this line can be profitably constructed, even with the potential revenue from their hotel and convention center plans.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-40867645909559459112014-06-17T13:40:00.002-07:002014-06-17T13:40:57.431-07:00A modest proposal for RailPacLately, it feels like almost every single update from RailPac has to do with the long distance train network. To a certain degree this makes sense; there is a question of interconnection with the national network and the long distance Coast Starlight is currently the only passenger train between Northern and Southern California (though not at terribly good times for anyone wishing to actually make such a journey), and of course the long distance trains are always under attack when Congress is putting together a budget. But the emphasis has gotten quite out of hand with so many messages and calls to action regarding the long distance trains: It calls into question whether RailPac is actually attempting to represent the rail passengers of California or whether they’re simply advocates for long distance trains who happen to be located in California. 91.7% of all the boardings and alightings within the state of California are on the state supported trains with an additional 4.7% coming from the Coast Starlight; the emphasis shown to the Sunset Limited and to the long distance trains in general is downright unseemly on that basis.<br />
<br />
It does not help that they continue to endorse a conspiracy take on the Northeast Corridor, blaming it for all of Amtrak’s financial woes and the occasional claim of cooking the books as regards the long distance trains. That they continue to approvingly quote Andrew Selden is a strong mark against them, given his habit of lying, either by omission or commission, to distort the truth about long distance trains and the Northeast Corridor. Take, for example, RailPac President Paul Dyson’s <a href="http://www.railpac.org/2014/06/17/the-fallout-from-priia-2008-unhappy-states-may-look-for-alternatives-to-amtrak/">recent post</a>, in which he uses <a href="http://www.railpac.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Capture.jpg">some figures provided by Andrew Selden</a> to claim that “Amtrak’s early management was able to use its experience to operate at a moderate deficit. That deficit tripled as soon as the NEC was absorbed and has grown ever since.” I’m a bit surprised that he required Selden’s help to find those figures since they’re <a href="http://michaelminn.net/america/railroads/amtrak-reports/">available a short google search away</a>, but be that as it may, those reports very clearly show Andrew Selden to have deliberately misused numbers and misrepresented the numbers that he did use. Very simply, the numbers used for 1973 are not from the same set of numbers used for 1978 (in fact, Amtrak does not appear to use them again after 1973) and the numbers which are used for 1978 contain with them a breakdown of expenses which makes it clear that the rise in expenses is not due to Amtrak taking over the Northeast Corridor. Here follow the actual compatible numbers for 1973-1978, followed again by the breakdown of expenses from 1972-1978<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Year</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Revenue</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Expenses</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Deficit</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1973</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$202,093.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$345,310.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">-$143,217.00</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1974</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$256,910.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$497,699.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">-$240,789.00</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1975</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$252,697.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$566,983.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">-$314,286.00</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1976</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$277,769.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$665,794.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">-$388,025.00</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1977</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$311,272.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$784,244.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">-$472,972.00</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1978</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$313,002.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$830,132.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">-$517,130.00</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 127.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1972</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1973</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1974</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1975</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1976</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1977</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>1978</b></span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Percentage change 1972-1978</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 24.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Absolute change 1972-1978</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 127.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Maintenance of Way</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$4,958</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$4,495</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$10,421</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$12,185</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$21,692</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$45,053</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$53,054</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,070.07%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$48,096</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 127.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Maintenance of Equipment</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$60,001</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$65,515</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$98,862</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$134,964</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$177,102</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$216,207</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$235,591</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">392.65%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$175,590</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 127.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Traffic</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$20,142</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$26,517</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$34,604</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$26,480</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$35,471</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$42,203</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$43,332</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">215.13%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$23,190</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 127.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Transportation</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$129,403</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$158,244</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$198,151</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$224,784</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$245,763</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$266,340</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$289,188</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">223.48%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$159,785</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 127.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Dining and buffet</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$28,030</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$33,285</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$52,146</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$50,450</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$52,599</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$60,886</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$62,069</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">221.44%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$34,039</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 127.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>General</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$37,038</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$30,456</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$53,958</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$65,272</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$68,931</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$67,558</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$54,202</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">146.34%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$17,164</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 127.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Taxes</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$15,727</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$21,604</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$40,782</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$46,139</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$57,968</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$81,557</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$89,164</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">566.95%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$73,437</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 127.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Equipment rents</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$5,798</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$5,194</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$8,775</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$6,349</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$6,268</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$4,440</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$3,532</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">60.92%</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 89.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">-$2,266</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
The large increase in expenses was not due to the absorption of the Northeast Corridor and its maintenance costs, though it did have the largest percentage change and was responsible for some increase in expense. It would be rather mind boggling if track maintenance, which, even with the old tunnels and bridges of the Northeast Corridor, is quite cheap, were to be the the cause of such a large increase. Instead, as the 1977 Annual Report notes: "Besides inflation and the ownership and operation of the Northeast Corridor, <b>the increase in expenses, which led to the higher deficit, resulted from addition of new routes and services, and continuing increases in direct labor costs and the cost of equipment maintenance and overhaul</b>." (Emphasis added).<br />
<br />
But perhaps it might be too much to ask for that RailPac cease associating with a liar and promoting his distortions of the truth or that it cease to continue spreading what is, I admit, a quite popular, if grievously mistaken, view of Amtrak's finances. Instead, I offer up a modest proposal to RailPac, that they might actually represent the rail passengers of California: Balance.<br />
<br />
For every call to legislative action to support the Sunset Limited, there should be a call to legislative action to support the introduction of the Coachella Valley rail service. Already the Thruway route from Indio to Fullerton has 20% of the Sunset Limited's entire ridership. Similarly, for every other call to action on other long distance trains, there should be a call to action for the Coast Daylight, for the San Joaquin extension to Redding, and expansion of the Capitol Corridor. For every post detailing a trip made on a long distance train outside of California, there ought to be a post detailing connections that can be made within California via the Thruway network. From the standpoint of California riders, both actual and potential, Solvang or Yosemite are far more relevant than is <a href="http://www.railpac.org/2014/04/10/a-trip-on-the-eagle-sunset-to-tucson-a-joyful-experience-of-surprises/">Tucson</a> and it is such destinations that RailPac ought to be highlighting.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-9258588322011398702014-04-15T17:15:00.000-07:002014-04-15T17:16:25.065-07:00Marginal costs and revenues for Amtrak trainsWith the release of the combined <a href="http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/458/748/FY14-Budget-Business-Plan-FY15-Budget-Justification-FY14-18-Five-Year-Financial-Plan.pdf">FY2014 Budget and Business Plan, FY2015 Budget Request Justification, and FY2014 – 2018 Five Year Financial Plan</a> by Amtrak, we're able to gain a little insight into the marginal expenses of running Amtrak trains according to whether they are long distance, state supported corridor trains, or part of the Northeast Corridor. This counts only fuel, T&E and OBS crew and labor, host railroad maintenance of way, host railroad performance incentives, commissary, car and locomotive maintenance and turnaround, and maintenance of way support. These figures can be found on pages 54 (for NEC), 61 (for state supported corridors), and 69 (for long distance trains). Train mile figures are in the appendix, pages 79-80. It goes without saying that calculations based on these figures are of necessity somewhat crude. These numbers do not, of course, account for expenses which are marginal at the level of the route itself, such as stations, nor for maintenance of engineering support or other such costs.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Train miles</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Marginal cost per train mile</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 85.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Fuel and power</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 79.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>T&E crew labor</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>OBS crew labor and support</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Host RR MoW</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Host RR performance incentives</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Commissary provisions and management</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Car & Locomotive Maintenance and Turnaround</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 60.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>MoW support</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Long distance</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">14,451,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$47.08</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 85.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$142,600,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 79.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$136,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$119,900,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$42,400,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$14,000,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$58,400,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$129,200,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$37,500,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 85.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$9.87</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 79.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$9.43</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$8.30</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$2.93</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$0.97</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$4.04</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$8.94</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$2.59</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Northeast Corridor</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">9,042,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$45.05</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 85.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$55,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 79.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$81,400,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$24,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$2,700,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$23,600,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$125,100,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$93,600,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 85.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$6.12</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 79.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$9.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$2.74</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$0.30</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$0.09</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$2.61</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$13.84</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$10.35</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>State supported</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">14,461,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$30.74</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 85.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$76,500,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 79.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$120,100,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$27,300,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$35,500,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$28,800,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$14,600,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$103,400,000</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$38,300,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 104.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 85.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$5.29</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 79.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$8.31</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 80.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$1.89</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$2.45</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$1.99</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$1.01</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$7.15</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 64.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$2.65</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<br />
It is completely unsurprising that the long distance trains have a vastly increased onboard services cost compared to the other train services. Staffing on the Northeast Corridor trains is minimal, with only a single OBS crew member on most trains, and not all state supported trains have jobs for OBS personnel. This is in stark contrast to the long distance trains which generally operate with ten or more such crew, except for the Palmetto. Nor is it surprising that the Northeast Corridor, filled with various tunnels, bridges, and half a century of deferred maintenance, has significantly increased maintenance of way expenses. What is surprising is that the fuel cost of the Northeast Corridor, running on rather cheap electricity, is still higher than state supported trains. However, we know that Amtrak's current trains in the <a href="http://reasonrail.blogspot.com/2012/06/how-fra-regs-cost-american-passenger.html">Northeast Corridor are incredibly energy inefficient</a> and one source notes that "the very bad aerodynamics of the Amtrak high speed trains (one AEM-7 locomotive with six Amfleet coaches) means that, at higher speeds, the TGV or X-2000 (Swedish technology) actually use half or less the energy per p-km used by Amtrak in their Northeast Corridor" (<a href="http://www.tgaassoc.com/documents/energy-text%26figures-dec2007.pdf">page 25</a>). With the introduction of the ACS-64 and the NextGen HSR trains, we should see a more appropriate fuel and power cost for the Northeast Corridor.<br />
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 12pt;">A grain of salt should be taken when looking at the fuel & </span><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">power and car & locomotive maintenance figures for the long distance trains; these numbers will be slightly skewed upwards by the Auto Train carrying a lengthy consist consisting mainly of freight cars. Somewhat surprisingly, <a href="http://reasonrail.blogspot.com/2013/03/how-much-does-it-cost-to-run-train.html" rel="nofollow">state supported train costs appear to be lower than those for Metrolink's commuter rail</a>, despite the fact that the Metrolink costs did not include maintenance of way expenses. This may be due to higher operational costs from Metrolink's dispatching center, costs that were not offset in that calculation by the appropriate revenues from freight and Amtrak, as well as the fact that Metrolink has a significantly higher fuel cost. The failure prone old age of the locomotives may also be a major contribution to the higher cost.</span><br />
<br />
With a view of the marginal costs, one that is admittedly quite rough, we can look to the question of which, if any, trains cover their marginal costs. Those trains which cover their marginal costs of operation benefit from increased frequencies since they will help bring down the total required subsidy. This is not to say that routes below that number do not benefit from increased frequencies or that they should not be subsidized (though subsidization expenses should not exceed the social benefits). <br />
<br />
Unfortunately, Amtrak does not provide a breakdown of train miles by route, only by the business segment. Thankfully the FRA does provide those numbers, though only to the extent of the nearest ten thousand train-miles. These figures are available in the <a href="http://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0532">Quarterly Rail Service Metrics and Performance Reports</a>, specifically in Table 11, located on page 16. Using these figures and <a href="https://www.dropbox.com/s/3b2xe9tn330uor5/September.pdf">Amtrak's 2013 ticket revenue figures</a>, I was able to come up with a rough figure for the revenue of each Amtrak route per train mile.<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Revenue per train mile</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Ticket revenue</b></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #bec0bf; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Train miles</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Acela</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$159.89</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$530,820,821</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">3,320,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Northeast Regional</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$109.34</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$613,406,155</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">5,610,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>—Richmond/Newport News</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$20.97</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$32,916,626</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,570,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>—Lynchburg</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$28.65</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$11,744,966</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">410,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>—All Other Northeast Regional</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$156.68</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$568,744,563</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">3,630,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>New York-Albany</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$67.12</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$44,299,328</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">660,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Pacific Surfliner</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$39.36</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$62,576,548</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,590,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Carolinian</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$38.16</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$19,841,847</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">520,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Hiawatha</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$37.88</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$16,287,184</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">430,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Pennsylvanian</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$32.60</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$10,431,324</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">320,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Keystone</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$32.34</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$44,299,328</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,370,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Cascades</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$31.14</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$29,269,205</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">940,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>San Joaquins</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$29.19</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$39,401,591</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,350,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Wolverine</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$28.95</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$19,398,853</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">670,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Pere Marquette</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$26.27</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$3,152,828</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">120,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Adirondack</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$26.06</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$7,035,147</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">270,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Blue Water</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$25.95</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$6,228,730</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">240,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Capitol Corridor</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$24.09</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$27,699,783</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,150,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Maple Leaf</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$23.56</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$23,796,560</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,010,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Illini/Saluki</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$21.73</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$9,562,149</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">440,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Lincoln Service</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$20.23</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$16,382,439</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">810,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Downeaster</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$17.85</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$8,211,723</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">460,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Ethan Allen Express</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$16.62</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$2,825,134</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">170,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Carl Sandburg/Illinois Zephyr</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$15.64</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$5,788,619</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">370,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Kansas City-St. Louis</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$14.04</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$5,617,913</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">400,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Piedmont</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$13.86</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$3,325,948</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">240,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Heartland Flyer</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$12.64</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$2,022,956</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">160,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Vermonter</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$11.43</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$5,029,712</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">440,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Hoosier State</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$11.16</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$892,553</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">80,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>New York-Niagara Falls</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$0.00</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">670,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; min-height: 14px;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Auto Train</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$111.37</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$73,505,625</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">660,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Coast Starlight</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$41.95</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$42,786,995</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,020,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Lake Shore Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$39.66</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$32,919,676</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">830,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Silver Meteor</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$38.78</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$39,558,152</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,020,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Capitol Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$37.50</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$21,373,833</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">570,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Empire Builder</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$36.23</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$67,394,779</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,860,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Crescent</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$32.89</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$32,233,213</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">980,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Silver Star</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$31.57</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$34,095,273</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,080,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>City of New Orleans</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$31.53</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$21,440,868</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">680,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Texas Eagle</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$29.73</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$27,650,161</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">930,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Palmetto</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$29.39</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$17,929,176</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">610,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>California Zephyr</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$28.01</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$49,864,217</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,780,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Southwest Chief</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$27.02</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$45,129,813</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">1,670,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Cardinal</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$21.48</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$7,733,458</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 11.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">360,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background-color: gainsboro; border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 147.0px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;"><b>Sunset Limited</b></span></td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 107.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$19.18</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 70.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">$12,275,400</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-color: #000000 #000000 #000000 #000000; border-style: solid; border-width: 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px 1.0px; height: 12.0px; padding: 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px 4.0px; width: 63.0px;" valign="top"><div align="right" style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10px; letter-spacing: 0px;">640,000</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
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A few explanatory notes are in order. First, the Springfield-New Haven Shuttles are not counted because I could find no separate figure for their train miles in the FRA data. It's possible that they are included with the Northeast Regionals, but, lacking knowledge, I excluded their revenue. Second, though the FRA includes all of the train miles for the Amtrak Virginia trains, such as from Lynchburg to Boston, Amtrak only counts the revenue from passengers who board or depart in Virginia; their actual performance is better than this indicates. Third, some non-Regional trains on the NEC, such as the Vermonter, have their revenue, expenses, and passenger numbers accounted for as Regionals until they leave the NEC; while a perfectly legitimate accounting measure, if their train-miles as reported to the FRA are not similarly adjusted, they will appear worse than reality. Finally, Empire Service trains to Buffalo apparently have their revenue counted under the Maple Leaf; I have added their train miles to those of the Maple Leaf's as a result.<br />
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It's worth noting that though the Northeast Corridor and several state supported trains cover their marginal costs of operation, the long distance trains do not, with the probable exception of the Auto Train. The Starlight comes the closest, but has additional expenses relating to the Pacific Parlour Car, I expect that the Lake Shore Limited comes the closest to meeting its actual marginal costs, rather than the rough estimate I can provide. It is also completely unsurprising that the California Zephyr, Southwest Chief, and Sunset Limited do as terribly as they do. While the other long distance trains have a variety of solid markets that they are able to serve across a significant portion of their route, frequently at either end, and many sharing that route with multiple other trains (Starlight with Surfliner, Capitol Corridor, and Cascades; Texas Eagle with Lincoln Service, etc.), these particular trains just have a whole heap of nothing for most of their routes, nothing that is often served at poor times as well, contributing to an outsized percentage of riders who take the trains from end point to end point.</div>
Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7903937763350788308.post-33249707032360217252014-03-18T18:54:00.000-07:002014-03-18T18:54:50.949-07:00Amtrak refuses to subsidize the long distance trains any longerIn today’s release of Amtrak’s <a href="http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/425/416/Amtrak-FY15-Grant-Legislative-Request.pdf">grant request for Fiscal Year 2015</a>, President Joseph Boardman notes that, if Amtrak were to continue using revenues from the Northeast Corridor to subsidize the rest of the national train system, the resultant operating grant would be only $333 million, the lowest operating subsidy for Amtrak, in real dollars, since 1973. Yet this is not to be. In a major departure from previous practice, Amtrak is reinvesting the operating profits of the Northeast Corridor back into itself as capital investment and demanding that Congress foot the whole bill for the remainder of the national train system, a bill which is almost entirely composed of the long distance train system.<br />
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In terms of numbers, there’s little to no real difference as to whether Amtrak is requesting funds as part of an operating grant or as a capital grant; either way the total request for FY15 comes out to $1,620 million dollars. However, it marks a major difference in Amtrak’s political priorities and its strength versus Congress. Previously, Amtrak has always sought to minimize its operating loss, both for practical and political reasons. Maintenance can be deferred for decades, as the Northeast Corridor bears witness, while operational spending cannot; when funding is on the line, it is the immediate needs of operations which needs to come first. Furthermore, it may be a good deal simpler to pass a capital grant, which may slide under the radar so to speak, than it would be to pass what would otherwise be a larger operational grant.<br />
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That Amtrak is now willing to demand that Congress fund the entire cost of the national train system, rather than use revenues from the Northeast Corridor to cross-subsidize it, indicates that they are no longer operating under circumstances where they fear having to fight for every single operational dollar. Improvements in the Northeast Corridor, especially the Acela trains, and legislation which moved the burden of funding short distance routes to the host states, have greatly reduced Amtrak’s financial risk outside of the long distance train network. Indeed, the perennial argument by rail advocates that the long distance trains are necessary in order to maintain political patronage in Congress is no longer valid. If the long distance trains are a sop to Congress, then, in the apparent opinion of Amtrak, it is Congress’ responsibility to provide for them, for it no longer requires them to drum up support to continue Amtrak’s survival. It would be a grim sort of survival, with a continued lack of necessary investment in the Northeast Corridor, but even a completely hostile Congress and Presidency can no longer kill Amtrak; they can only kill the long distance trains.<br />
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It is also a recognition that Amtrak must come to grips with the investment needs of the Northeast Corridor sooner, rather than later, and that it cannot rely on a major investment by the Federal government to do so. The operational revenues of the Northeast Corridor, if nothing else, represent a somewhat steady source of income for capital investment. As we’ve seen for the past several years, Congress most certainly does not represent anything that might be described as “steady” nor has it been willing to make the large investments necessary to restore the Northeast Corridor to a state of good repair. Make no mistake, those are massive investments that Amtrak will be making. While the FY15 grant request is only for a total of $735 million in capital spending in the Northeast Corridor ($290 million of which will come from operational profits from the Northeast Corridor), Amtrak forecasts an investment of $1,573 million the next year, $1,692 million in Fiscal Year 2017, and $1,650 in Fiscal Year 2018. For comparison, this is larger than the <a href="http://www.rtands.com/index.php/freight/class-1/2014-capital-expenditures-strike-steady-pace.html?channel=275">capital investments of Canadian Pacific, Canadian National, and Kansas City Southern.</a><br />
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It is highly likely, however, that the Federal government will balk at clearly subsidizing the long distance trains. With a combined annual operational and capital subsidy just over $900 million, the demand by Amtrak that Congress clearly pay for the long distance trains will encounter a severe amount of resistance, especially with a Tea Party dominated Republican Party remaining in control of the House through the end of the year and probably past the election as well. Even if funding is granted, it will probably be at a reduced level and we may see route eliminations by legislative fiat. This is not altogether a bad thing; the equipment used on an eliminated route may be spread to other routes where it will perform better and reduce the overall operating deficit of the long distance train network.<br />
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To this natural resistance must be added the resistance from lobbying by the various rail advocacy organizations. Especially in states where the rail advocates have not had any success in increasing state funded rail service, I would anticipate a vociferous response against Amtrak’s proposal. Yet it is precisely the irrelevance of these organizations and their grandiose, yet completely impractical, “<a href="http://www.narprail.org/about/narps-vision-for-the-future">visions for the future</a>” which will allow Amtrak to prevail on the merits of their plan. I do not think that it is altogether coincidental that it is by approximately nine hundred million dollars that Amtrak proposes to increase capital spending on the Northeast Corridor; they do not need to explicitly state where it is that funds may be found by a parsimonious Congress for increased investment in the Northeast Corridor.<br />
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I do not think it likely that the entire long distance train network will be dismantled. Certain routes will and some of them, such as the Sunset Limited, truly deserve a cheerful “Good riddance!” should they be so eliminated. Others, however, will continue to have sufficient patronage as to ensure Federal political support or even some state support. The Coast Starlight, for instance, would probably find itself kept, perhaps in an altered form, by the West Coast. Similarly, the Silver Service trains can probably find themselves assured of continued Federal largesse, possibly with some level of state matching funds.<br />
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However, it is quite clear that Amtrak will no longer subsidize these trains on its own and that the provision of long distance intercity rail service, if it is to be a Federal goal, must be a mandate entirely funded by the Federal government. For all the complaints that certain rail advocates may make, Amtrak cannot ignore its responsibilities as owner of the Northeast Corridor. Meanwhile, though Amtrak is a national train service, there is nothing that requires that it provide continuous rail service across the entire nation or, at its own expense, to provide rural transportation for disadvantaged communities. The gauntlet has been thrown down and we shall see if Congress truly believes that the long distance train network is worth the expense that it has laid upon Amtrak.Paul Drucehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01856513230667005087noreply@blogger.com3